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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Li(s) + O2(g)
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4 Li(s) + O2(g) --> 2 Li2O(s)
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Li(s) + N2(g)
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6 Li(s) + N2(g) --> 2 Li3N(s)
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Li + CH3I
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2 Li + CH3I --> CH3Li + LiI
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CH3Li + SiCl4
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4 CH3Li + SiCl4 --> (CH3)4Si + 4 LiCl
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Li2O(s) + H2O(l)
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Li2O(s) + H2O(l) --> 2 LiOH(aq)
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NaCl(l) + heat
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2 NaCl(l) + heat --> 2 Na(l) + Cl2(g)
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Na(s) + O2(g)
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2 Na(s) + O2(g) --> Na2O2(s)
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Na(s) + Cl2(g)
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2 Na(s) + Cl2(g) --> 2 NaCl(s)
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Na(s) + H2O(l)
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2 Na(s) + 2 H2O(l) --> 2 NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
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Na(s) + NH3(l)
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2 Na(s) + 2 NH3(l) --> 2 NaNH2(s) + H2(g)
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NaCl(aq) + CaCO3(s)
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2 NaCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) --> Na2CO3(aq) + CaCl2(aq)
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NaOH(s) + CO2(g)
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2 NaOH(s) + CO2(g) --> Na2CO3(aq) + H2O(l)
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NaHCO3(s) + heat
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2 NaHCO3(s) + heat --> Na2CO3(s) + H2O(g) + CO2(g)
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NaHCO3(aq) + HC2H3O2(aq)
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NaHCO3(aq) + HC2H3O2(aq) --> NaC2H3O2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
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KOH(l) + heat
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2 KOH(l) + heat --> 2 K(l) + H2(g) + O2(g) (in an electrolytic cell)
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K(s) + O2(g)
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K(s) + O2(g) --> KO2(s)
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Rb(s) + O2(g)
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Rb(s) + O2(g) --> RbO2(s)
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Cs(s) + O2(g)
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Cs(s) + O2(g) --> CsO2(s)
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BeF2(s) + Mg(s)
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BeF2(s) + Mg(s) --> Be(s) + MgF2(s)
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Be(s) + O2(g)
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2 Be(s) + O2(g) --> 2 BeO(s)
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BeO(s) + H2O(l) + H3O+(aq)
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BeO(s) + H2O(l) + 2 H3O+(aq) --> [Be(H2O)4]2+(aq)
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BeO(s) + H2O(l) + OH-(aq)
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BeO(s) + H2O(l) + 2 OH-(aq) --> [Be(OH)4]2-(aq)
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MgCl2(l) + heat
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MgCl2(l) + heat --> Mg(l) + Cl2(g)
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Mg(s) + ZrCl4(s)
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2 Mg(s) + ZrCl4(s) --> Zr(s) + 2 MgCl2(s)
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Ca(s) + O2(g)
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2 Ca(s) + O2(g) --> 2 CaO(s)
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Ca(s) + N2(g)
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3 Ca(s) + N2(g) --> Ca3N2(s)
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CaCO3(s) + heat
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CaCO3(s) + heat --> CaO(s) + CO2(g)
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CaO(s) + H2O(l)
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CaO(s) + H2O(l) --> Ca(OH)2(aq)
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CaO(s) + C(s)
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CaO(s) + 3 C(s) --> CaC2(s) + CO(g)
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CaC2(s) + H2O(l)
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CaC2(s) + 2 H2O(l) --> Ca(OH)2(aq) + C2H2(g)
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CaC2(s) + N2(g)
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CaC2(s) + N2(g) --> CaCN2(s) + C(s)
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CaCN2(s) + H2O(l)
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CaCN2(s) + 3 H2O(l) --> CaCO3(s) + 2 NH3(aq)
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Ca(OH)2(s) + CO2(g)
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Ca(OH)2(s) + CO2(g) --> CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)
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Ba(s) + O2(g)
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Ba(s) + O2(g) --> BaO2(s)
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B2O3(s) + Mg(s)
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B2O3(s) + 3 Mg(s) --> 2 B(s) + 3 MgO(s)
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BCl3(g) + Zn(s)
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2 BCl3(g) + 3 Zn(s) --> 2 B(s) + 3 ZnCl2(s)
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BCl3(g) + H2O(l)
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BCl3(g) + 3 H2O(l) --> H3BO3(aq) + 3 HCl(aq)
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H3BO3(s) + heat
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2 H3BO3(s) + heat --> B2O3(s) + 3 H2O(g)
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B2O3(s) + NH3(g)
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B2O3(s) + 2 NH3(g) --> 2 BN(s) + 3 H2O(g)
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B2H6(g) + O2(g)
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B2H6(g) + 3 O2(g) --> B2O3(s) + 3 H2O(g)
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B2H6(g) + H2O(l)
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B2H6(g) + 6 H2O(l) --> 2 H3BO3(aq) + 6 H2(g)
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SrO(s) + CuO(s) + B2O3(s)
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SrO(s) + 2 CuO(s) + B2O3(s) --> SrCu2(BO3)2(s)
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Al(s) + H3O+(aq)
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2 Al(s) + 6 H3O+(aq) --> 2 [Al(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3 H2(g)
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Al(s) + OH-(aq) + H2O(l)
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2 Al(s) + 2 OH-(aq) + 6 H2O(l) --> 2 [Al(OH)4]-(aq) + 3 H2(g)
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Al2O3(s) + NaOH(aq) + H2O(l)
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Al2O3(s) + 6 NaOH(aq) + 3 H2O(l) --> 2 Na3[Al(OH)6](aq)
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Na3[Al(OH)6](aq) + CO2(aq)
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2 Na3[Al(OH)6](aq) + 6 CO2(aq) --> Al2O3(s) + 6 NaHCO3(aq) + 3 H2O(l)
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Al2O3(Na3AlF6) + heat
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2 Al2O3(Na3AlF6) + heat --> 4 Al(l) + 3 O2(g)
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Al(s) + O2(g)
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4 Al(s) + 3 O2(g) -> 2 Al2O3(s)
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Al(s) + Fe2O3(s)
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2 Al(s) + Fe2O3(s) --> Al2O3(s) + 2 Fe(s)
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Al(s) + Cl2(g)
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2 Al(s) + 3 Cl2(g) --> 2 AlCl3(s)
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AlCl3(s) + LiH(s)
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AlCl3(s) + 4 LiH(s) --> Li[AlH4](s) + 3 LiCl(s)
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rock salt
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NaCl
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soda ash
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Na2CO3
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baking soda
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NaHCO3
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caustic soda (also called lye)
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NaOH
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salt peter
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KNO3
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borax
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Na2B4O7 • 10 H2O
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limestone
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CaCO3
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gypsum
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CaSO4 • 2H2O
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fluorite
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CaF2
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quicklime
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CaO
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slaked lime
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Ca(OH)2
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decomposition of CaCO3 (s)
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CaCO3 (s) --> CaO (s) + CO2 (g)
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production of slaked lime
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CaO (s) + H2O (l) --> Ca(OH)2 (aq)
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autodissociation of water at 25 degrees celcius
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1.0 x 10^-14/55.56
or just 1.0 x 10^-14 |
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molten salt
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Aprotic, extremely auto-ionizing solvent with very low melting points because bonds are very weak
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solubility rules
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know all 6
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hard acids
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lighter and more highly charged ions. This includes group 1, 2 and most of the first D group. Al3+, Fe3+, Ti4+
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hard bases
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F-, OH-, NO3-, CO32-
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soft acids
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big, have low charge states and are strongly polarizable
Examples: Au+, Tl+ |
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soft bases
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Large and polarizable. I-, I3-, SO42-
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definitely soluble
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All common compounds of Group I and ammonium ions.
All nitrates, acetates, and chlorates |
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soluble with exceptions
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Halogens (other than F) with metals, except those of Ag, Hg(I), and Pb
Sulfates except barium, strontium, calcium, lead, silver, and mercury (I) |
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insoluble
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carbonates, hydroxides, oxides, silicates, and phosphates
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insoluble with exceptions
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Sulfides except for calcium, barium, strontium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and ammonium.
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Lactic acid
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CH3CH(OH)COOH. Its formula is then C3H6O3.
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organic metallics
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Organic molecule with halide group that exchanges halide for cation to create a organic-cation molecule and cation-halide molecule.
Ex. R-I + 2Li --> R-Li + LiI CH3I + 2 Li --> CH3Li + LiI 4 CH3Li + SiCl4 --> (CH3)4Si + 4 LiCl |
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AlCl3(s) + LiH(s)
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AlCl3(s) + 4 LiH(s) --> Li[AlH4](s) + 3 LiCl(s)
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naming boranes:
B4H10, B6H12 |
tetraborane(10)
hexaborane(12) |
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structure: B2H6
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terminal and bridging hydrogen
each bond is actually 1/2 bond (2c-2e) |
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orthoborate anion
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BO3 3-
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pyroborate
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B2O5 4-
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metaborate
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BO2 -
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BBO
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beta- BaB2O4
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structure: BN
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boron nitride interconected rings of alternating B and N
(white solid) |
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tetraborate
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B4O7 2-
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Cu3B2O6
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mixture of ortho and pyro and oxide
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Hall Process
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cryolite disolves bauxite, which is electrolytically reduced
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cryolite
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Na3AlF6
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properties of good electrolytic solvent
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1) relatively low melting point
2) soluble with molecule to be reduced 3) not easily reduced itself 4) anion is very difficult to oxidize |
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bauxite
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Al2O3 * nH2O
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alums
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M+ M 3+ (SO4)2 * 12H2O
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important aluminum reducing agent
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LiAlH4
Li[AlH4] lithium tetrahydridoaluminate (III) |
