Inorganic Compounds And Solutions

Front 1

Compounds are divided into 2 principal classes. What are they?

Back 1

inorganic compounds and organic compounds

Front 2

Inorganic compounds

Back 2

usually lack carbon and are structurally simple

Front 3

What are examples of inorganic compounds?

Back 3

water and many salts, acids, and bases; may have either ionic or covalent bonds

Front 4

Organic compounds

Back 4

always contain carbon, usually contain hydrogen, and always have covalent bonds; most are large molecules made up of long chains of carbon atoms

Front 5

What percentage of the human body is made up of organic compounds?

Back 5

38 - 43%

Front 6

True or False?
Water is the most important and abundant inorganic compound in all living systems.

Back 6

True. Water makes up 55 - 60% of a lean adult's body mass

Front 7

True or False?
Nearly all the body's chemical reactions occure in a watery medium.

Back 7

True. Water has many properties that make it an indispensable compound for life: polarity makes it an excellent solvent for other ionic or polar substances -- gives water molecules cohesion, allows water to resist temperature changes

Front 8

What is hydrolysis?

Back 8

break down by water

Front 9

What is a solvent?

Back 9

in a solution, a solvent dissolves another substance called the solute. (usually there is more solvent than solute in a solution)

Front 10

What causes the versitility of water as a solvent for ionized or polar substances?

Back 10

its polar covalent bonds and its bent shape, which allows each water molecule to interact with several neighboring ions or molecules

Front 11

Hydrophilic

Back 11

solutes that are charged or contain polar covalent bonds; they dissolbe easily in water

Front 12

Name examples of hydrophilic solutes.

Back 12

sugar and salt

Front 13

Hydrophobic

Back 13

molecules that contain mainly nonpolar covalent bonds; not very water soluble

Front 14

Name examples of hydrophobic solutes.

Back 14

animal fats and vegetable oils

Front 15

How do polar water molecules dissolve salts and polar substances?

Back 15

When a crystal of sodium chloride is paced in water, the slightly negatife oxygen end (red) of water molecules is attracted to the positive sodium ions (Na+, and the slightly positive hydrogen portions (gray) of water molecules are attracted to the negative chloride ions (Cl-).

Front 16

hydrolysis

Back 16

decomposition reactions - breaking down large nutrient molecules into smaller molecules by the addition of water

Front 17

dehydration synthesis reaction

Back 17

when two smaller molecules join to form a larger molecule - a water molecule is one of the products formed

Front 18

heat capacity

Back 18

water's ability to absorb or release a relatively large amount of heat with only a modest change in its own temperature

Front 19

Why does water have a high heat capacity?

Back 19

a large number of hydrogen bonds in water - as water absorbs heat energy, some of the energ is used to break hydrogen bonds. Less energy is then left over to increase the motion of water molecules, wich woud increase the water's temperature

Front 20

How does water's high heat capacity affect the human body?

Back 20

It lessens the impact of environmental temperature changes, helping to maintain the hoeostasis of body temperature

Front 21

heat of vaporization

Back 21

as water evaporates from the surface of the skin, it removes a large quantity of heat, providing an important cooing mechanism.

Front 22

True or False.
Water is a major component of mucus and other lubricating fluids throughout the body.

Back 22

True. Lubrication is necessary in the chest and abdomen where internal organs touch and slide over one another; joints where bones, ligaments, and tendons rub against one another; inside the gastrointestinal tract, mucus and other watery secretions moisten foods