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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the key areas of the innate immune system? |
Broad specific receptors - PAMPs/DAMPS, TLRs, ifn for viruses Epithelial barriers - physical + chemical Cells of innate immune system: Blood phagocytes (neutrophils, monocytes), macrophages, Dendritic cells, Mast cells, Natural Killer Cells Complement Cytokines Acute Inflammation (migration from veins) Antiviral mechanisms |
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What kinds of receptors do cells of the innate immunity have? |
PAMPs (pathogen associated molecular patterns) DAMPs TLRs for general structures (bact peptides, LPS, flagellin, plus inter cytosolic nucleotide TLRs) |
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What are the key components of the innate immune system? |
Epithelial barriers Macrophages Dendritic cells Mast cells Natural killer cells |
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What processes are complement involved with? |
Inflammation, Opsonisation and phagocytosis, cell lysis |
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What is the purpose of cytokines in the innate immune system? |
cell to cell signalling through soluble proteins set off by recognition of PAMPs/DAMPs through TLRs to recruit/activate immune cells |
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What are the steps involved in acute inflammation? |
-cytokines and mediators released on PAMP recognition to begin migration migration (in VEINS) leukocyte rolling (sticky selectins) integrin activation by chemokines stable adhesion to integrins migration through endothelium attracted by chemical gradient to site of infection Migration binding 1- selectins 2- LFA weakly (then strong when chemokines released by macrophages) 3- migration towards chemokines |
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What are the steps involved in phagocytosis? |
1-microbe binds to phagocyte receptor 2- plasma membrane extends around microbe 3- membrane closes, encasing the microbe in a phagosome 4- phagosome fuses with lysosome to form a phagolysosome 5- apoptosis of microbe by lysosome components in phagolysosome (ROS, lysosomal protease) |
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What antiviral mechanisms are part of the innate immune response? |
IFN receptor on cell -inhibits viral replication, stops signalling pathways, destroys genome of virus -also enhances NKC to kill infected cells |
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How does the innate immune system link to the adaptive immune system? give an example |
Provides signals to activate naiive B+T cells "2nd signal" eg. DCs and MACs produce costim molecules after TLR recognition, costim binds to T cell to lead to response if T bound to Ag also cytokines IL12,1,6 stimulate naiive T to effector |
