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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Athlete’s Psyche:
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Athlete’s Response To Injury:
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-Not textbook
-Response -Disastrous -Courage -Embarrassment due to thinking only the "weak" get hurt. -Escape because they don't want to play their sport any more. |
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Injury Classification:
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-Short Term: 4 weeks or less.
-Long Term: 4 weeks or more. -Chronic: lingering ex. tendinitis. Termination: career ending. |
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Short Term:
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-Reaction to Injury: Shock, Relief
-Reaction to Rehabilitation: Impatient, Optimistic -Reaction to Return: Eager |
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Long Term:
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-Reaction to Injury: Fear, Anger
-Reaction to Rehabilitation: Loss of Vigor, alienation from their team. -Reaction to Return: Acknowledgment typically after their 1st play. |
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Chronic:
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-Reaction to Injury: Anger, Frustration
-Reaction to Rehabilitation: Dependent/Independent from therapist during rehab, apprehension -Reaction to Return: Confident (dependent player), Skeptical (independent player) |
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Stress and Injury
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Terminating: Athlete is DQ'd (disqualified)
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-Reaction to Injury: Isolation, Depression. Send to a psychologist to help. Athlete must go through the grief process.
-Reaction to Rehabilitation: Loss of athletic identity -Reaction to Return: There is no return to the sport. Closure, Renewal |
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Factors that Impact Response:
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-Coping Skills: how they react to a crisis.
-PMH: previous medical history. -Social Support: family, friends, team mates. -Personality Traits: happy & optimistic vs. depressed. |
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Injury-Prone Athlete:
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-Risk Takers
-Reserved, detached, tender-minded -Apprehensive: muscle guarding, tense. -Overprotective parents. -Distracted: mind elsewhere not on their sport. -Angry |
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Stressors:
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-Stressors: playing sport, time commitments, coach, parents, team mates, rank.
-Personal: relationships, finance, goals, parents, health job. -School: grades, time work load. -Work: time, schedule, $, some sports won't let you work. Eustress: positive stress and typically this type of athlete is not likely to get injured. Stress leads to lack of focus and can result in injuries such as fractures, concussions. It's important to recognize and deal with stress. |
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Overtraining
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Staleness:
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-Common @ the end of training
-Training increases or stays the same. -Not enough rest -Due to: emotional problems -Anxiety -Sx: palpitations, sweaty palms, headache approaching migraine status SX: dec performance, fatigue, apathy, weight loss, irritable, restless, boredom |
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Burnout:
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-Physical and Emotional Limits Reached
-Negative attitude. Ex. Don't wanna make play-offs. -Loss of concern for themselves & their teammates. -Sx: headache approaching migraine status, GI, sleep, fatigue, cynicism, depression approaching clinical aspect. |
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Goal Setting:
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-Specific, attainable, achievable.
-Measured: measurable. -Positive aspect -Short vs. Long -Achievable -Satisfying, helps them achieve. -Monitor and evaluate -Improved compliance will result from goal setting. |
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Social Support:
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-Listen, make eye contact
-Body language -Care, show you care -Explain and Manage: in detail -Involvement with team -Returning to Play: tell them when so they have something to look forward to. |
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Return to Competition:
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-Physically: 95% strength, ROM & proprioception and Psychologically (Tiger Woods ended sports psych. stigma)
-Confident (good) vs. Fearless (stupid) -Body Awareness: understand body changes. -Refer When Necessary: there are some things that are out of scope of training. |
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Disordered Eating:
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What to look for: changes.
-Isolation, decreased -confidence, eating behavior, obsession, patterns of activity. -Bulimia Nervosa: -Binge and Purge -12-18 years old -Perfectionist, obedient, motivated, successful -Resulting Effects: stomach rupture, heart rhythm abnormal, liver damage, tooth decay, cuts on knuckles (Rolf's signs) |
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Disordered Eating:
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-Anorexia Nervosa:
-15-21% will die. -Body Image disorder -Early Detection is key -Resulting Effects: Thinning hair, heart palpitations, heart failure, kidney stones, kidney failure, amenorrhea (loss of menstruation) |
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Female Triad
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Fix disordered eating and naturally amenorrhea & osteoporosis.
3 menstrual cycles a year is necessary to prevent osteoporosis. |
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Philosophy
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Aggressive: depends on where in season, role on team, Dr.'s orders, athlete's mentality,
Short seasons Too protective v. too aggressive: depends on the conservative or aggressive perception of the athletic trainer Coaches role not to design rehab First Aid on field. Rehab program: end of rehab strength programming for sport & position specific training. They perform no actions, only provide functional input for sport & position specific improvements. |
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Inactivity & Immobilization
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Inactivity: for the 1st 24 hours.
Rapid loss of physical fitness: after 48 hours. Immobilization Muscle, joint, ligaments, bone, neuromuscular control Atrophy: muscle size decreases Decrease lubrication Decrease neuro-muscular control Decrease flexibility Decrease ROM |
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Goals of Rehab
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First Aid: limit swelling #1 goal
Decrease Pain Full ROM Increase strength, power, endurance Neuromuscular control Improve balance Cardio: maintain cardiovascular endurance & limit loss of cardio endurance. Functional: sport & position specific. |
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Rehab Goals
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First Aid
PRICE Coach is allowed to perform Control Pain Modalities: ex. e-stem. Meds: needs to know athletes previous medical history & ALL current medications they are taking. |
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Rehab Goals
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ROM: static, dynamic, balistic
Due to muscular resistance, or contracture of ligaments or capsule Stretching to regain Joint Mobilizations Traction: pulling apart boney ends at the joint. Physiological v. Accessory: role, spin & guide, needed for full ROM. |
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Rehab Goals
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Strength, power, endurance
Isometric: concentric & eccentric While immobilized, beginning stages Isokinetic: constant speed, various resistance. Important for testing because it tells you how strong you are at different ROM. Plyometric: mimics functional movement. functional at the end of rehab. Open v. closed chain: Open = non-weight bearing, good for muscle isolation. Closed = weight bearing, more functional. |
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Rehab Goals
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Neuromuscular control
CNS: reestablish communication from brain to movement. Postural sway Balance/propioception progression |
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Rehab Goals
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Cardio: only do what they can do!
Alternative exercises: increase days Maintain: 3x/wk Water: don't ignore or forget! |
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Rehab Goals
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Functional Progression
Restore normal function for sport: full play. Functional tests should be sport & position specific. Agility runs Carioca Vertical jumps Rebounding Hitting |
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Modalities
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Ice
Bags, bath, cup 20 minutes on, 40-60 off Decrease in metabolism, vasoconstriction Decreases swelling & pain. Heat Post-acute, not acute: apply only 72 hours after injury. Increases blood and lymphatic flow, can increase swelling. Relaxation 6 layers between pack and skin |
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Modalities
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Massage: 72 hours after injury.
Increases flexibility Relieve tension, reduce trigger points Decrease pain: decrease edema & build up of fluid. Ultrasound Deep heat Promotes the healing process |
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Modalities
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Electrical Stimulation
Decrease pain Muscle Re-education Strengthening: beginning level of strengthening. Pumping: on & off e-stem, reduces swelling. Accupressure |
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Full Recovery/Return To Play
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Full ROM: active not passive.
Full strength: 90-95% of uninjured side. Neuromuscular control: balance. Cardio Fitness Pass functional tests Refer to Dr. for clearance results in liability on the Dr. & not on the trainer. |
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Environment
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Potential Dangers: hurricane, lightning, tornadoes, wind, cold, earthquake.
Well-being of athletes Legal Concerns: lightning. |
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Hyperthermia
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One of the most common issues.
Hot, humid: indoors & outdoors. 100% preventable because of hydration. Increase in core temp. Heat stress is completely preventable Body’s ability to maintain core temp Conduction Convection Radiation Evaporation via sweat. |
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Hyperthermia
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Cool down with ice packs.
Sweat glands & artery spots. 65% humidity: body diminishes ability to evaporate sweat. 75% humidity: almost complete inability to evaporate sweat. Heat Index: helps to determine what gear football players should wear. Wet bulb globe temperature index Dry Bulb: low humidity. Wet Bulb: relative humidity. |
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Hyperthermia
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Heat Syncope
Rapid fatigue Pooling of blood due to slowing of blood flow. Dizziness, fainting, nausea Tx: cool environment, fluids should be replaced with electrolytes. Heat Cramps Painful muscle spasms Location:legs & especially calves. Due to: lack of hydration & electrolytes. Tx: fluid replacement, ice, stretch (can be painful), don't use salt tabs because it can cause rapid dehydration. |
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Hyperthermia
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Heat Exhaustion
Occurs due to: excessive sweating resulting in dehydration. Sx: profuse sweating, pale skin, core temp: 102, dizziness, inc resp, inc pulse & tachycardia. Attempt to notice early sx onset Tx: Fluids, cool environment, decrease core temp, referral for: hospital to receive an IV w/ the fluid bag kept on ice. |
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Hyperthermia
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Heatstroke: most dangerous, is a medical emergency. Clothes removed but leave undergarments on.
1/3s: 1/3 live, 1/3 die & 1/3 have permanent brain damage. 45 minutes cool core temp. down. Sudden collapse with unconsciousness Sx: flushed skin, dec sweating, shallow breathing, rapid/strong pulse, core temp of: 104 degrees. Body looses ability to: cool itself down & needs rapid external help. Tx: EMS, lower core temp |
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Hyperthermia
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Hyponatremia: too much H20
Decreased sodium Too much fluid ingestion Compromise the CNS Sx: headache, nausea/vomiting, swelling of:hands & feet. lethargy, apathy, agitation Tx: EMS |
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Prevention
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Fluid Replacement: Gatorade.
Rehydrate Fluid replacement should match: amount lost. Intervals of: 15 min. during activity. Color of urine should be clear or pale yellow. Urine should be yellow only in the morning or while taking a multi-vitamin. Sports Drinks 6% carbohydrate to digest easily & to keep glycogen up. 14g carbs/8 ounces Don't dilute |
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Prevention
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Acclimatization: athlete used to the environment.
10-14 days to acclimatize. Identify susceptible individuals Large muscle mass, overweight Poor fitness levels: ex. two-a-days when athlete is not fully conditioned. Medications/supplements: Creatine. |
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Prevention
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Weight Records
Before/after practices & games. 3-5% loss of body weight could lead to heat illnesses. Replace water with Gatorade or foods with large H2O content. Uniforms/Equipment Time of day Color: light when hot and dark when cool. Material: wicking material Lightweight |
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Hypothermia
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Bench warmers are most susceptible.
Decrease core temp Sufficient increase in metabolic rate Predisposing athlete: bench warmer. Low temp, wind, dampness, wind chill. Shivering 85-90° shivering stops because the body can't heat itself. |
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Hypothermia
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Fluid replacement is needed due to dehydration though athlete doesn't feel the need to drink.
Dehydration reduces blood volume Frostnip: top layer of skin. Exposed parts Sx: firm, cold, painless, may blister Frostbite Superficial (top layers of skin): pale, hard, cold, waxy Deep layers of skin: Medical Emergency, cold, hard, pale/black, numb Warm-up slowly, only use luke-warm water,don't rub skin because ice crystals in the skin will make skin come off. |
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Prevention
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Clothing
Layers Activity |
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Sun
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Overexposure: runners have the highest rate of skin cancer.
Support Staff are at risk for skin cancer. Susceptible individuals: fair skin, kids, elderly, certain medications. Suncreen SPF- Any will be beneficial. Every 15-30 minutes reapply even if sweat proof. Long-term effects Premature aging wrinkles. Cancer: A-Asymetry B-Border C-Color D-Diameter |
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Lightning
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Can strike you 10 miles away
110 deaths/yr Denver ranking: #2 Lightning can strike from: 10 miles away. When you see the lightning strike:clear fields, wait. EAP: wait for 30 min. after last lightning strike. Chain of command Protective shelter Ball up & spread out from others. |
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Lightning
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Detection
Flash to bang: count the time between the flash to the bang & divide by 5 that will tell you the distance. Detectors RTP: return to play, 30 minutes before returning outside. |
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Altitude
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Acute Mountain Sickness
Excess fluid retention in cells Headache, nausea, vomiting, sleep Tx: Hydrate, go to lower altitude if possible, rest. Pulmonary Edema Fluid build up in lungs Tx:Go to hospital to drain. Moist cough, headache, weakness, could result in infection Sickle Cell Trait Reaction Cells will clump together Causes an enlarged spleen, can rupture |
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Viral Infections
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Herpes
Simplex Type 1, 2: Type 1 above the waist, Type 2 below the waist. Zoster- re-outbreak of the chicken pox. Dermatome: where outbreak occurs along the dermatome spots. Compromised immune system |
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Viral Infections
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Herpes
Sx: tingling, itching, soreness, redness (erythema) Ill: can become sick with mild flu-like Sx. Painful, fluid-filled, crusty sores due to scratching. 10 days: time to fully heal. Tx: active lesions vs. dormant: dormant virus will break out again. |
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Verruca Virus
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Flat warts, plantar warts, venereal warts
Human papilloma virus: common on fingers Contaminated equipment. Sx: small, round, elevated: not typically painful. Subject to bacterial infections & needs to be cleaned & covered. Tx: protected, frozen, burned |
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Bacterial Infections
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Most likely to infect the skin:
Streptococcus Strep Staphylococcus Staph: most common |
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Bacterial Infections
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Impetigo: occurs late summer to early fall.
Strep is a type of infection. Sx: small vesicles, pustules, yellow crust Boil/furuncle Staph Hair follicle infection Sx: large, pus filled, painful sac Folliculitis: hair follicles become infected: razor burn. Carbuncle: large boil or many small ones clumped together. |
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Bacterial Infections
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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: due to antibiotic resistance.
Staph strain type of bacteria. Hospital, compromised immune system, close quarter living, sharing Sx: redness, swelling, tenderness #1 cause for hospital deaths due to non-admittance causes. Elderly are more susceptible. Sharing personal items can spread it: i.e. razors. Tx: Broad spectrum antibiotics via IV. |
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Fungal Infections
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Grow in a dark, moist environment.
Grow in unsanitary conditions Ringworm Most common Skin, hair, nail Highly Infectious Sx: small, round, increase in diameter outward Tx: anti-fungal ointment |
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Fungal Infections
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Tinea Cruris: jock itch.
Groin Sx: red/brown lesions, itching Tinea Pedis: athlete's foot. Foot Space between 3rd and 4th toes is where it starts Sx: scaling, thickening, itching No black socks or no socks at all. After shower or swimming pool, dry the infected area last so that you don't spread it. Tx: anti-fungal ointment. |
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Respiratory Conditions
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Rhinovirus: common cold
Sx: runny nose, headache, watery eyes, sore throat, sneezing, cough, aches, chills, sweats, fever Tx: of sx Influenza Sx: malaise, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue Tx: of sx Vaccine |
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Respiratory Conditions
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Sinusitis: sinus infection.
Bacteria causing inflammation in sinus cavity lining Sx: swelling, tender, pressure, headache Tx: antibiotics, vasoconstrictor Pharyngitis Sore throat due to: post nasal drip Sx: dryness, soreness, pain, red, swelling Tx: of sx |
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Respiratory Conditions
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Seasonal Allergies
Airborne pollens Sx: itching, watery eyes, nasal discharge, red/swelling of eyes, cough Tx: antihistamines: benadryl Bronchitis Follows a viral infection (such as a cold)-Upper Respiratory Tract Sx: cough, yellow secretion, low-grade fever, wheeze when breathing. Tx: of sx |
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Respiratory Conditions
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Bronchial Asthma
Stressors: anxiety, altitude change, allergies, humidity, temperature changes, strong smells. Sx: spasm/inflammation, difficulty breathing, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath Tx: eliminate or reduce stressors, inhaler Exercise-Induced Sx: swelling, chest tightness, shortness of breath, coughing Tx: warm-up slowly, inhaler Cold temps can set up exercise induced asthma attacks. |
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Gastrointestinal Disorders
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Dyspepsia: acid reflux.
Food, stress, spasm, inflammation Sx: nausea, flatulence from either end. Tx: identify cause, antacids Constipation Decreased moisture, fiber (too much or not enough), nerves, laxatives Sx: cramping, pain, difficulty having bowel movement. Tx: increase fiber, meds |
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GI Disorders
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Vomiting
Irritation in the stomach Tx: antinausea, fluids Diarrhea Diet, inflammation, infection, drugs Sx: cramping, nausea, frequent BMs Tx: fluids, bland food-BRAT diet B: bananas R: rice A: applesauce T: toast |
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Mononucleosis
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Viral infection-throat
Young adults-children are the most susceptible 4-6 weeks out of play, blood work has to be normal to return to play & spleen can't be palpated. Enlarged spleen Sx: headache, fatigue, muscle ache Fever, glands, throat Tx: of sx, rest |
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Anemia
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Iron-Deficiency: most common
decrease of hemoglobin & red blood cells. Sx: decreased performance, tired, craving dirt, rocks, crunchy things & protein. Tx: diet, supplement Sickle-Cell Hereditary anemia-abnormal shape of RBC Sx: fever, fatigue, paleness, weakness, ab pain Tx: anticoagulants because you could have blood clots leading to stroke, pain, spleen |
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Diabetes Mellitus
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Hereditary vs. Developmental
Blood sugar vs. Insulin Control Insulin Shock Too little sugar Sx: weakness, moist/pale skin, dec respirations Tx: sugar |
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Epilepsy
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Genetic, brain metabolism, hx of injury
Sport restrictions Petit mal, grand mal Sx: altered consciousness, motor, sensory, tonic-clonic Tx: meds, onset, cushion, clothes, mouth, EMS |
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Meningitis
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Inflammation
Meningococcus Bacterium Sx: fever, stiff neck, headache, photophobia, vomiting, convulsions, coma Tx: spinal tap, isolation, meds |
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Hypertension
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Cardiorespiratory condition
Primary: no disease associated Sx: dizziness, redness, headache, fatigue, epistaxis Tx: meds, alcohol, smoking, diet, exercise |
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Respiratory Conditions
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Seasonal Allergies
Airborne pollens Sx: itching, watery eyes, nasal discharge, red/swelling of eyes, cough Tx: antihistamines Bronchitis Follows a viral infection-Upper Respiratory Tract Sx: cough, yellow secretion, fever, wheeze Tx: of sx |
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Respiratory Conditions
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Bronchial Asthma
Stressors Sx: spasm/inflammation, difficulty breathing, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath Tx: stressor, inhaler Exercise-Induced Sx: swelling, chest tightness, shortness of breath, coughing Tx: warm-up, inhaler |
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Gastrointestinal Disorders
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Dyspepsia
Food, stress, spasm, inflammation Sx: nausea, flatulence Tx: identify, antacids Constipation Decreased moisture, fiber, nerves, laxatives Sx: cramping, pain, difficulty Tx: increase fiber, meds |
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GI Disorders
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Vomiting
Irritation in the stomach Tx: antinausea, fluids Diarrhea Diet, inflammation, infection, drugs Sx: cramping, nausea, frequent BMs Tx: fluids, bland food-BRAT diet |
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Mononucleosis
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Viral infection-throat
Young adults-children 4-6 weeks Enlarged spleen Sx: headache, fatigue, muscle ache Fever, glands, throat Tx: of sx, rest |
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Anemia
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Iron-Deficiency: most common
Sx: decreased performance, tired, craving Tx: diet, supplement Sickle-Cell Hereditary anemia-abnormal shape Sx: fever, fatigue, paleness, weakness, ab pain Tx: anticoagulants, pain, spleen |
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Diabetes Mellitus
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Hereditary vs. Developmental
Blood sugar vs. Insulin Control Insulin Shock Too little sugar Sx: weakness, moist/pale skin, dec respirations Tx: sugar |
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Epilepsy
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Genetic, brain metabolism, hx of injury
Sport restrictions Petit mal, grand mal Sx: altered consciousness, motor, sensory, tonic-clonic Tx: meds, onset, cushion, clothes, mouth, EMS |
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Meningitis
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Inflammation
Meningococcus Bacterium Sx: fever, stiff neck, headache, photophobia, vomiting, convulsions, coma Tx: spinal tap, isolation, meds |
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Hypertension
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Cardiorespiratory condition
Primary: no disease associated Sx: dizziness, redness, headache, fatigue, epistaxis Tx: meds, alcohol, smoking, diet, exercise |
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