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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the characteristics of an ideal injectable anesthetic?
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Rapid onset & recovery
Lack of tissue toxicity Lack of adverse cardiovascular & respiratory effects Rapid metabolism Analgesia skeletal muscle relaxation |
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What are barbiturates used for?
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sedation
general anesthesia anticonvulsants euthanasia |
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Do not barbiturates in what types of animals?
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Pregnant animals
Animals w/ cardiac disease Hypoproteinemic animals acidotic animals shocky animals Sighthounds (thiopental & pentobarbital |
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What barbiturates drug is short acting?
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Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
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What is the duration of Pentobarbital, a short acting drug?
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30 minutes to 2 hours
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Which barbiturate drug has the slowest onset?
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Pentobarital (Nembutal)
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What are the side effects of Pentobarital?
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Rough (paddling and thrashing), prolonged recovery, which may take hours to days.
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What is pentobarital most commonly used for now.
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anticonvulsant or euthanasia
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Which barbiturate drug is ultra short-acting?
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Thiopental (Pentothal)
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What is the duration of Thiopental?
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10-20 minutes
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What is the onset of action of Thiopental?
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30-60 seconds
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How does recovery occur when using Thiopental?
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recovery occurs as the drug is redistributed to muscle and fat, followed by excretion via hepatic metabolism
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How long does recovery take when using Thiopental?
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1-2 hours
**recovery may be longer in sighthounds and thin, athletic drugs |
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Why do you bolus Thiopental 1/3 - 1/2 initial dose?
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Debilitated animals may only require 80%
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Don't use Thiopental on what type of animals?
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hypoproteinemic
acidotic |
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What Barbiturate drug is ultra short acting Methylated?
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Methohexital (Brevital)
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What is the duration of action of Methohexital?
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5-10 minutes
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What is the onset of action of Methohexital?
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15-60 seconds
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The recovery time of Methohexital is?
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30 minutes
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What barbiturate drug is safe for sight hounds?
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Methohexital
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If Thiopental is a strongly alkaline solution is can cause what if injected perivascularly?
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severe tissue damage
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What happens in recovery when using Methohexital? What is recommended?
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excitement
recommend premedicate w/ sedative or tranquilizer |
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Why should you use Diazepam with Methohexital?
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may cause seizures in induction or recovery
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What drugs are the cyclohexamines?
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Phencyclidine, ketamine, tiletamine
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How do cyclohexamines work?
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They cause selective CNS stimulation
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What are the side effects of cyclohexamines?
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exaggerated reflexes - palpebral, pedal, corneal
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What type of drug has marked sensitivity to sound, light, and sensory stimuli?
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Cyclohexamines (ketamine, tiletamine)
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What is apneustic respiration and what type of drug can cause it?
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inspiration followed by a prolonged pause and short expiration.
Cyclohexamines (ketamine & tiletamine) |
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Why are cyclohexamines considered a heart supportive anesthetic?
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it does not depress cardiac rate or function
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Cyclohexamines has what type of analgesic effect?
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Analgesia to skin and limbs significant but visceral analgesia is poor (funky analgesic effect)
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Ketamine is primarily excreted through what in cats and dogs?
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kidneys in cats
liver in dogs |
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What is the onset of action of ketamine?
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90 seconds IV
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Recovery from ketamine takes how long?
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2-6 hours
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Why do dogs recover quicker than cats when using Ketamine?
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the hepatic metabolism in dogs is faster
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Why should ketamine be used in combination with a tranquilizer or sedative?
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aides in muscle relaxation and prevents excitement during recovery
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Why is ketamine/diazepam popular in cats and dogs?
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minimal cardiac depression
good muscle relaxation superior recovery less risk of seizure some analgesia |
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Which drug causes less apneustic respiration than ketamine?
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Tiletamine
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What drug is only available with zolazepam in the drug Telazol?
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Tiletamine
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What is thed disadvantage of Tiletamine?
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long, difficult recoveries
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What is a neuroleptanalgesia?
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a combination of opioid and tranquilizing agent
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What is the advantage of a neuroleptanalgesia?
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reduces anesthetic dose needed
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What is Propofol used for?
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short procedures or anesthetic induction
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What is a disadvantage of Propofol?
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Expensive
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What drug has rapid onset but short duration of action?
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Propofol (Diprivan, Rapinovet)
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Why should Propofol be given slowly?
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can see apnea if injected rapidly IV
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What animals should Propofol not be used on?
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hypotensive
shocky dehydrated anemic |
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What is the greatest benefit of Propofol?
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smooth induction and recovery, free from excitement
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