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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name some systemic anti-fungals.
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Polyenes (amphotericin B), azoles (fluconzole) and echinocandins.
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Name some superficial anti-fungals.
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Polyenes (nystatin) and azoles (clotrimazole)
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How do polyenes work?
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Bind ergosterol in cell membrane and weaken it, thus allowing leakage of K+ and Na+ ions out of the cell
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Give an example of a polyene and what it is used for.
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Amphotecerin B; invasive candidiasis, invasive aspergillosis and invasive cryptococcs. Not effective for dermatophytes e.g.
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What is the mechanism of a triazole?
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Inhibition of the cytochrome p450 enzyme 14-alpha demethylase thus preventing conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol in the cell membrane
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Which classes of anti-fungal target ergosterol in the cell membrane?
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Polyenes, azoles and allylanines.
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How do echinocandins work?
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Inhibition of synthesis of glucan in cell wall via non-competitive inhibition of 1,3-beta glucan synthase aka 'penicillin of antifungals'
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Give an example of some echinocandins, their uses and their mechanisms of action.
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Caspofungin, micafungin etc - IV - candidiasis and candidiasis.
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What would you use to treat a superficial infection?
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Thrush - nyastatin, clotrimazole.
Ringworm - clotrimazole. |
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General rule for treatment of any invasive fungal infection (e.g. aspergillosis, candidiasis, cryptococcosis)?
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Azole (e.g. fluconazole, voriconazol) or polyenes (e.g. amphotericin B)
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Give an example of a triazole.
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Fluconazole.
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What anti-fungal agent targets mannoprotein?
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Pradmicins
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What anti-fungal agent targets chitin?
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Nikkomycins
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What anti-fungal agent targets protein synthesis?
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EF-3 inhibitors
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What anti-fungal agent targets D/RNA synthesis
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Flucytosine, pentamidine
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Treatment of invasive candidiasis
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Fluconazole
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Treatment of invasive candidiasis
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Fluconazole
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Treatment of invasive aspergillosis
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Viroconazole
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Treatment of invasive candidiasis
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Fluconazole
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Treatment of invasive aspergillosis
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Viroconazole
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Treatment of invasive cytoptococcosis
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Amphotericin B
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Blastocondium
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Allows yeast to resist desiccation and survive in the environment
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Blastocondium
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Allows yeast to resist desiccation and survive in the environment
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Chlamydophore
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Aspergillus
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Asxeuxal reproduction - Sexaaul Blastocondium
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Allows yeast to resist desiccation and survive in the environment
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Asxeuxal reproduction - Chlamydophore
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Aspergillus
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Asxeuxal reproduction - Arthrospore
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Coccidoides immitis -> coccidiodomycosis -> San Joaquin fever
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Sexual reproduction - zygospore
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Two hyphae coming together to exchange DNA. Crude
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Sexual reproduction - zygospore
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Two hyphae coming together to exchange DNA. Crude
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Sexual reproduction; ascospore
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Eight ascospores make up eight ascospores e.g Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Sexual reproduction; basdiospore
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Haploid nucleus of meiosis e.g. Cryptococcus neoformans
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Taxonomy; microsporida
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Chronic debilitating disease
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Taxonomy; ascomycota
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Candida
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Taxonomy; basidiomycota
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Cryptococcus
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Taxonomy; mucoromycotina (incertae cedis)
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Bread mould
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