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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin
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- penicillins resistant to B-lactamase
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penicillin binding protein
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- site of action of penicillins
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penicillins
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- only effective against growing organisms
- bacteriocidal for sensitive strains - high TI |
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B-lacatmase (penicillinase)
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- confers resistance to penicillins
- hydrolyzes the B-lactam ring |
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probenecid
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- inhibits secretion/clearance of penicillin
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SEs of penicillin
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- hypersensitivity (type I)
- rash, fever, bronchospasm - vasculitis - serum sickness - anaphylaxis |
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penicillin G
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- affective against gram positives and gram negative cocci, anaerobics, and spirochetes
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cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin
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- antistaphylococcal penicillins
- resistant to beta lactamase |
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ampicillin, amoxicillin
ampicillin + sulbactam amoxicillin + clavulanic acid |
- extended spectrum penicillins
- act on gram (+) and gram (-) |
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carbenicillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin
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- antipseudomonal penicillins (g-)
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vancomycin
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- used to tx methicillin resistant staph aureus (MRSA)
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clavulanic acid, tazobactam, sulbactam
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- B-lactamase inhibitors
- no antibiotic activity - protect penicillin from B-lactamase |
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cephalosporins
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- a B-lactam drug closely related to penicillin
- must be administered IV/IM (poor oral absorption) |
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cephalexin (keflex, keftab), cefazolin (ancef), cephadrine (velosef)
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- first generation cephalosporins
- good against gram + |
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cefaclor, cefoxitin, ceftetan, cefmetazole, cefuroxime
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- 2nd generation cephalosporins
- somewhat enhanced activity against gram - - still good against gram + |
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cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime
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- 3rd generation cephalosporins
- less active against gram + - excellent against gram - |
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cefepime (maxinime)
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- 4th generation cephalosporin
- increased resistance to B-lactamase |
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carbapenems
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- another class of B-lactam antibiotics
- B-lactamase resistant - broadest spectrum antibiotic prep available |
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imipenum, cilastatin
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- carbapenems
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monobactams (aztreonam)
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- B-lactam antibiotics
- active against gram (-) only - resistant to B-lactamase |
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vancomycin
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- cell wall synthesis inhibitor
- tx MRSA - tx antibiotic-induced (pseudomembranous)cholitis - active against g+ cocci/rod, anaerobic, other (actinomyces) |
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bacitracin
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- cell wall synthesis inhibitor
- topical only - toxic systemically - tx bacterial blepharitis - bacteriocidal |
