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10 Cards in this Set
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Penicillin: Narrow Spectrum: Beta Lactam Antibiotic
Penicillin G - PCNase sensitive Methicillin - PCNase-resistant Naficillin - PCNase resistant Oxacillin - PCNase resistant |
Uses: Treponema pallidum (syphilis), Clostridium perfringens, Neiserria meningiditis, Streptococcus, Staphlococcus (PCNase-Staph. Aureus c/ Naficillin "Staph c/ Naf"
MOA: inhibits PBPs thus blocking transpeptidation, activates autolysins to lyse bacteria Pharm: PO, food impairs absorption, +CNS, excreted kidneys (Naficillin - biliary) Effects: Hypersen., GI distress/diarrhea, Neurotoxicity Rx interactions: Synergism - PCN + aminoglycosides & PCN + beta-lactamase inhibitor, Antagonistic - PCN + bacteriostatic agents |
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Penicillins: Broad Spectrum
Ampicillin Amoxicillin (+ clavulanate) |
Uses: Listeria monocytogenes, Shigellosis, prophylaxis a/ oral surgery, "HELPS kill Enterococci"
MOA: same as PCN (PBPs & autolysins) Pharm: same as PCN (PO, +CSF, kidneys) Effects: same as PCN (GID, diarrhea, Neurotoxicity) |
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Penicillin: Broad Spectrum
Ticarcillin Carbenicillin Piperacillin Commonly used with beta-lactamase inhibitors (clavulanate, sulbactum, tazobactum) |
Uses: Pseudomonas aeruginosa "Takes Care of Pseudomonas"
MOA: same as PCN (PBPs, autolysins) Pharm: same as PCN (PO, +CSF, kidneys) Effects: same as PCN (GID, diarrhea, neurotoxic) |
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Cephalosporins
Generations: 1st - Cefazolin, Cephalexin 2nd - Cefoxitin, Cefuroxime 3rd - Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime 4th - Cefepime |
Uses: 1. Surgical prophylaxis (Cefazolin), Strep & Staph infxn (Cephalexin) 2. H. influenza, Morexella catarrhalis (Cefaclor), Bacteroides fragilis (Cefoxitin)
3 & 4. Gonorrhea & Meningitis (Ceftriaxone) Pharm: PA/PO, +CSF excreted kidneys (CEFTRIAXONE - BILIARY tract) Effects: DISULFIRAM-like rxn, Tubular necrosis, Hypersens. GID |
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Carbapenams
Imipenam + cilistatin Meropenam |
Uses: complicated UTI, nosocomial mixed infxn, Enterobacter
MOA: enters thru porins in G(-) bacilli to block transpeptidase Pharm: PA, hydrolysis by kidneys prevented by cilistatin Effects: Hypersens., N/V/D, acute renal failure, HA, seizures |
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Monobactams
Aztreonam |
Uses: Pseudomonas, Serratia, give to pts c/ allergies to PCN
MOA: same as PCN (PBP) Pharm: PA, +CSF, excreted kidneys Effects: Neurotoxic, bleeding |
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Vancomycin, IV
Daptomycin |
Uses: MRSA, C. difficile, endocarditis
MOA: inhibits transglycosylase & interferes c/ 2nd stage of cell wall syn. thus inhibiting elongation Pharm: IV, +CSF, excreted kidneys Effects: "Red man syndrome", Nephrotoxic, Ototoxic, Teratogenic Uses: MRSA, MRE, VRSA, VRE Effects: N/abd. pain, myopathy, arthralgia |
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Fosfomycin
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Uses: uncomplicated UTI
MOA: inhibits enolpyruvate transferase Effects: N/V/D, vaginitis |
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Bacitracin
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Uses: often combines c/ other antibiotics, Gram (+) bacteria
MOA: blocks dephosphorylation of lipid that deliver peptidoglycan subunits to cell wall Pharm: topical Effects: nephrotoxic FYI: NOT beta-lactam |
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Cycloserine
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Use: 1st line to Mycobacteria resistant anti-TB Rx
Effects: Neurotoxic |
