Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Define inheritance |
Inheritance The transmission of genetic information from generation to generation |
|
|
Define chromosome |
Chromosome A thread of DNA, made up of a string of genes |
|
|
Define gene |
Gene A length of DNA that codes for a protein |
|
|
Define haploid nucleus Give an example |
Haploid nucleus A nucleus containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes (e.g sperm and egg cells) |
|
|
Define diploid nucleus Give an example |
Diploid nucleus A nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes (e.g body cells) |
|
|
Define mitosis |
Mitosis
Nuclear division giving rise to genetically identical cells |
|
|
Define meiosis |
Meiosis, Nuclear division which gives rise to cells that are genetically different |
|
|
Define allele |
Allele A version of a gene |
|
|
Define genotype |
Genotype The genetic make-up of an organism in terms of the alleles present |
|
|
Define phenotype |
Phenotype The observable features of an organism |
|
|
Define homozygous |
Homozygous Having two identical alleles of a particular gene (e.g TT) Two identical homozygous individuals that breed together will be pure breeding |
|
|
Define heterozygous |
Heterozygous Having two different alleles of a particular gene (e.g Tt) A heterozygous individual will not be pure breeding |
|
|
Define dominant allele |
Dominant allele An allele that is expressed if it is present is dominant |
|
|
Define recessive allele |
Recessive allele An allele that is only expressed when there is no dominant allele present is recessive |
|
|
Define sex-linked characteristic |
Sex-linked characteristic A characteristic in which the gene responsible is located on a sex chromosome, which makes it more common in one sex than the other |
|
|
Define variation |
Variation The differences between individuals of the same species |
|
|
Define mutation |
Mutation A spontaneous genetic change Mutation is the way new alleles are formed |
|
|
Define gene mutation |
Gene mutation A change in the base sequence in DNA |
|
|
Define adaptive feature |
Adaptive feature An inherited feature that helps the organism to survive and reproduce in its environment (inherited functional features of an organism that increase its fitness) |
|
|
Define fitness |
Fitness The probability of that organism surviving and reproducing in the environment in which it is found |
|
|
Define adaptation |
Adaptation The process, resulting from natural selection, by which populations become more suited to their environment over many generations |
|
|
Define evolution |
Evolution The change in adaptive features of a population over time as a result of natural selection |
