Inguinal Canal, Scrotum, And Testis

Front 1

the inguinal canal is a short (___cm), oblique, passage directed ____through the inferior part of the ___? it lies parallel and superior to the?

Back 1

-4 cm

-directed inferomedially, through inferior part of the anterolateral abdominal wall

-parallel and superior to inguinal ligament

Front 2

what passes through the inguinal canal in men?

in women?

Back 2

men- spermatic cord

women- round ligament of the uterus

Front 3

the deep ring yes superior to the ___, medial to the ___, and lateral to the ____?

Back 3

superior to the inguinal ligament, medial to the femoral artery, lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

Front 4

the superficial ring lies just superior to the ___?

Back 4

to the pubic tubercle

Front 5

the conjoint tendon (AKA___), is formed by the joined insertions of the ____and the___into the?

Back 5

-AKA falx inguinalis

-joined insertions of the internal oblique and the traversus abdominis muscles into the pubic crest and the pectinate line

Front 6

the ___forms the medial 1/3rd of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Back 6

the conjoint tendon, aka falx inguinalis

Front 7

the __ ring is the beginning of the ingunial canal?

Back 7

the deep inguinal ring

Front 8

the deep inguinal ring is located midway between?

Back 8

between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis

Front 9

the deep inguinal ring is the beginning of a tubular evagination of the?

Back 9

the transversalis fascia (internal spermatic fascia)

Front 10

the ___ring is at the end of the inguinal canal?

Back 10

the superficial inguinal ring

Front 11

the superficial inguinal ring is superior to the?

Back 11

to the pubic tubercle

Front 12

the superficial inguinal ring is the beginning of a tubular evagination of the?

Back 12

aponeurosis od the external oblique muscle (external spermatic fascia)

Front 13

floor of the inguinal canal?

Back 13

medial 1/2 of the inguinal ligament and the lacunar ligament

Front 14

roof of the inguinal canal?

Back 14

formed by the arching fibers of the transverses abdominis and internal oblique muscles on their way to form the conjoint tendon

Front 15

anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Back 15

external oblique aponeurosis throughout the length of the canal and reinforced laterally by the internal oblique

Front 16

posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Back 16

transversalis fascia which is reinforced medially by the conjoint tendon

Front 17

the external oblique aponeurosis is reinforced laterally by the?

Back 17

internal oblique

Front 18

the transversalis fascia is reinforced medially by the?

Back 18

conjoint tendon

Front 19

descent of the testis occurs __or___the peritoneum?

Back 19

beneath or behind

Front 20

as the testis descends, posterior to the ___, the __forms?

Back 20

posterior to the peritoneum, the spermatic cord forms

Front 21

the spermatic cord takes on coverings or fascias that are continuous with?

Back 21

with layers of the anterloateral abdominal wall

Front 22

as the spermatic cord passes through the deep inguinal ring, it takes on the ___fascia, which is derived from the ___?

Back 22

takes on the internal spermatic fascia, which is derived from the transversalis fascia

Front 23

as the spermatic cord passes beneath the conjoint tendon, it takes on a layer from the ___, the __fascia, which contains?

Back 23

from the internal oblique, the cremasteric fascia, which contains skeletal muscle

Front 24

as the spermatic cord passes through the superficial ring, it takes on a layer from the ___, the ___fascia?

Back 24

from the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle, the external spermatic fascia

Front 25

___is the middle covering of the spermatic cord?

Back 25

cermasteric fascia

Front 26

the cremasteric fascia is derived from the?

Back 26

internal oblique muscle

Front 27

the cremasteric fascia is innervated by the?

Back 27

genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve (L1/L2)

Front 28

what is the cremasteric reflex? (how to do it, what it can be used to test integrity of)

Back 28

-stroke upper medial thigh, which is innervated by the ilioinguinal nerve (L1) and a reflex arc causes the cremasteric muscle to contract

-can be used to test integrity of L1 spinal level

Front 29

the upper medial thigh is innervated by the?

Back 29

ilioinguinal nerve (L1)

Front 30

the cremasteric reflex is more active in?

Back 30

in children

Front 31

testicular innervation is ___and___and ___from ___?

Back 31

-vagal parasympathetics and visceral afferents and sympathetics from T10-T11 spinal cord segment

Front 32

testicular VS. scrotal cancer?

Back 32

-testicular cancer travels to lumbar nodes

-scrotal cancer travels to superficial inguinal nodes

Front 33

percentages for inguinal hernias? and male:female ratio?

Back 33

25% of males and 2% of females will have an inguinal hernia in their lifetime

male:female ratio is 12:1

Front 34

what are the two types of inguinal hernias?

Back 34

1. direct (AKA acquired)

2. indirect

Front 35

direct (AKA acquired) inguinal hernias usually occur in___? and they account for ___of all inguinal hernias?

Back 35

-usually occur in older patients

-one-thrid of all inguinal hernias

Front 36

indirect inguinal hernias account for ___of all inguinal hernias? and they are ___predominance?

Back 36

-two-thirds of all inguinal hernias (most common)

-right side predominance

Front 37

which type of inguinal hernia is most common?

Back 37

indirect

Front 38

___is the site of direct inguinal hernias, which occur medial to the ___?

Back 38

inguinal triangle, occur medial to the inferior epigastric vessels

Front 39

indirect hernias enter the?

Back 39

the deep inguinal ring

Front 40

an indirect hernia has ___over it, while a direct hernia is covered by___? why is this?

Back 40

indirect- has peritoneum and the coverings of the spermatic cord

direct- covered by peritoneum alone

-this is b/c the viscera herniate along the path of testicular descent in the case of an indirect hernia

Front 41

in an indirect hernia, viscera herniate along the path of ___?

Back 41

path of testicular descent

Front 42

indirect hernias are __more common in males?

Back 42

20 times more common

Front 43

indirect hernias leave the abdominal cavity ____, through the ___?

Back 43

lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels, through the deep inguinal ring

Front 44

direct hernias protrude through an area of __in the posterior wall of the inguinal canal ___to the ___?

Back 44

an area of weakness

-medial to the inferior epigastric vessels

Front 45

indirect hernias leave abdominal cavity ___to the inferior epigastric vessels? Direct hernias leave the posterior wall of the inguinal canal __to the inferior epigastric vessels?

Back 45

indirect- lateral to

direct- medial to

Front 46

which type of hernia is prone to strangulation?

Back 46

indirect hernias (direct are less prone)

Front 47

which type of hernias are more common in older people?

Back 47

direct hernias

Front 48

both, indirect and direct hernias, may protrude through the?

Back 48

through the superficial ring

Front 49

when doing a physical examination for a hernia what do you do?

Back 49

place a fingertip into the scrotal sac and advance up into the inguinal canal

Front 50

while doing a physical examination for a hernia what would tell you it is most likely an indirect hernia?

Back 50

if the hernia comes from superolateral to inferomedial and strikes the distal tip of the finger

Front 51

while doing a physical examination for a hernia, what would tell you it is more consistent with a direct hernia?

Back 51

if the hernia strikes the pad of the finger from deep to superficial

Front 52

a femoral hernia appears where?

Back 52

below the inguinal ligament

Front 53

a femoral hernia passes into the ___and into the?

Back 53

into the femoral canal into into the medial thigh

Front 54

a femoral hernia is ___, not__?

Back 54

is acquired, not congenital

Front 55

femoral hernias happen predominately in?

Back 55

middle-aged or older women

Front 56

female:male ratio for femoral hernias?

Back 56

female:male ratio is 4:1

Front 57

hydrocele?

Back 57

a fluid-filled sac surrounding a testicle that results in swelling of the scrotum

Front 58

hydroceles are common in? but most disappear when?

Back 58

common in newborns, but most disappear without treatment within the first year of life

Front 59

older boys or men can develop a hydrocele due to?

Back 59

inflammation or injury within the scrotum

Front 60

varicocele?

Back 60

an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum

Front 61

varicoceles are a common cause of?

Back 61

of low sperm production and decreased sperm quality

Front 62

most varicoceles develop?

Back 62

over time