Ingle Pharmacolgy Chapter 1

Front 1

dissolution. First phase of drug action. Has 2 phases: disintergration and dissolution

Back 1

pharmaceutic phase

Front 2

breakdown of a tablet into smaller particles

Back 2

disintergration

Front 3

dissloving of the smaller particles in the GI fluid before asorbtion

Back 3

dissolution

Front 4

time it takes the drug to disintegrate and dissolve to become available for the body to absorb it

Back 4

Rate Limiting

Front 5

requires a carrier such as an enzyme or protein to move the drug across a concentration gradient

Back 5

active absorbtion

Front 6

Requires a carrier such as an enzyme or protein to move the drug across a concentration gradient.

Back 6

active absorbtion

Front 7

unintended mild or severe reactions that are undesirable

Back 7

adverse reactions

Front 8

Drugs that produce a response

Back 8

agonists

Front 9

Drugs that block a response

Back 9

antogonist

Front 10

percentage of the administered drug dose that reaches the systemic circulation

Back 10

bioavailablity

Front 11

Accurate test that measures renal function.

Back 11

creatinine clearance (CLcr)

Front 12

Process in which the drug becomes available to body fluids and body tissues. Influenced by blood flow, protein-binding effect, and drugs affinity to tissue

Back 12

distribution

Front 13

length of time the drug has pharmacologic effects

Back 13

duration of action

Front 14

Process of removing drugs and waste from body; Main route is through the kidneys

Back 14

elimination

Front 15

Inert substances and fillers.

Back 15

excipients

Front 16

process in which the drug passes to the liver first. May lower drug concentration

Back 16

first - time effect

Front 17

drugs that are not bound to protein which makes them active and can cause a pharmacological response

Back 17

free drugs

Front 18

time it takes for 1/2 of the drug concentration to be eliminated

Back 18

half-life (t1/2)

Front 19

Has a wide margin of safety and less danger of producing toxic effects

Back 19

high therapeutic index

Front 20

ligand-binding index the site on the receptor in which drugs bind

Back 20

ligand-binding index

Front 21

given to achieve a rapid minimum concentration in the plasma. Used when immediate drug response is required

Back 21

loading dose

Front 22

narrow margin of safety, dosage might need to be adjusted and drug levels need to be monitored

Back 22

low therapeutic index

Front 23

process of breaking down and utilizing substances

Back 23

metabolism

Front 24

drugs that affect various receptors or have properties of nonspecificity

Back 24

non selective drugs

Front 25

non specific drugs

Back 25

drugs tha affect various sites and have properties of non selectivity

Front 26

onset of action

Back 26

time it takes to reach the minimum effective concentration (MEC) after the drug is administered

Front 27

passive absorbtion

Back 27

occurs mostly by diffusion (movement from higher concentration to lower concentraion)

Front 28

peak action

Back 28

when the drug has reached it's highest blood or plasma concentration

Front 29

peak drug level

Back 29

highest plasma concentration of a drug at a specific time

Front 30

pharmaceutic phase

Back 30

first pfase of oral drugs (dissolution)

Front 31

pharmacodynamics

Back 31

study of drug concentrations and it's effects on the body

Front 32

pharmacogenetics

Back 32

effect of a drug action that varies from a predicted drug response because of genetic factors or hereditary influenece

Front 33

pinocytosis

Back 33

process in which cells carry drugs across their membrane bu engulfing the drug particles

Front 34

placebo effect

Back 34

psychologic benefit from a compound that may not have the chemical structure of a drug effect

Front 35

protein-binding effect

Back 35

as drugs are distributed in the plasma, many are bound in varying degrees (percentages) with protein (mainly albumin)

Front 36

time it takes for the drug to disintergrate and dissolve to become available for the body to absorb it

Back 36

rate limiting

Front 37

receptor families

Back 37

there are 4: Kinase-linked
ligand-gated ion channels
g protein-coupled
nuclear

Front 38

side effects

Back 38

physiologic effects not related to desired drug effects

Front 39

tachyphylaxis

Back 39

rapid decrease in the response to the drug. (Acute tolerance)

Front 40

therapeutic index (TI)

Back 40

estimates the margin of safety of a drug through the use of a ratio that measures the effective dose and the lethal dose. The closer the ration to 1 the greater the danger of toxicity

Front 41

therapeutic range (therapeutic window)

Back 41

drug concentration in plasma that should be between the minimum effective concentration in the plasma and the minimum toxic concentration

Front 42

time-response curve

Back 42

evaluates 3 parameters of drug action, onset, peak action, and duration

Front 43

tolerance

Back 43

decreased responsiveness of a drug over the course of therapy

Front 44

toxic effects

Back 44

can be identified by monitoring the plasma therpeutic range of the drug

Front 45

toxicity

Back 45

the extent quality or degree of being poisonous

Front 46

trough drug level

Back 46

lowest plasma concentraion of a drug, and it measures the rate at which the drug is eliminated