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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three purposes of IV therapy are _____,______, and ______.
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Maintenance
Replacement Immediate access to vascular system |
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_______ can pass through a semi-permeable membrane
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Crystalloids
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Crystalloids are used for ______
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fluid replacement
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Colloids are _____ expanders
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plasma
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Colloids are used to _____ _____ rapidly
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increase volume
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Short peripheral catheters dwell for _____ hours for IV therapy expected to last ____ days
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72-96 hours
less than 6 days |
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What veins should be avoided?
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Veins near nerves to avoid paresthesia or permanent damage
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Midline catheters are for meds expected to last ___ to ___ weeks
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1 to 4
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Midline catheters are __-___ inches long and are inserted through the _______ space
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6-8 inches
Antecubital |
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Midline catheters are useful for clients with
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poor skin integrity
limited peripheral veins |
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These five medications can be infused through a midline catheter
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Hydration fluids
Antibiotics Heparin infusions Bronchodilators Steroids |
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Midline catheters are not for _____ or ______
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vesicants or TPN
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PICC lines are _____ long and are inserted in the ______ space
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40-65 cm long
antecubital |
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PICC lines are for clients needing ____,_____, or _____
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long term antibiotics
chemo parenteral nutrition |
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PICC lines can dwell for _____
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a year or more
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Non-tunneled Central lines are usually inserted into
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subclavian or jugular veins
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Non-tunneled central lines are ____ or ____ lumens and are _____ long
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double or triple
15-20 cm long |
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Non-tunneled central lines have a higher risk for _____
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pneumothorax
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Non-tunneled central lines are used for _____, ______, or ______
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critical care
trauma short term |
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Three types of central catheters are
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Hickman
Broviac Leonard |
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Tunneled catheters are ______ lumens
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single, double, or triple
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Tunneled catheters are inserted _______
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surgically
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Part of the tunneled catheter is under the _____ tissue
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subq
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tunneled catheters can dwell for
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months to years
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Implanted ports are ________ central lines implanted under the ______
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long term
clavicle |
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Implanted ports are flushed _____ and ______.
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after each use
every month |
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Dressings are changed every ____ hours for midline, PICC, and central lines
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48 hours
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Blood can't be drawn from _____ or _____ catheters
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peripheral or midline
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Use _____ ______ flushing for infusion catheters
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positive pressure
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Use ____ mL of saline for _____ catheters
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3mL short
5-10mL long |
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Use preservative free saline if more than ____ mL needed for flushing per day
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30 mL/day
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Tunneled central lines and implanted ports require ____ removal
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surgical
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Infiltration
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Fluid enters space at IV site
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Signs and symptoms of infiltration
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Tenderness
Pallor Swelling Coolness |
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Signs and symptoms of extravasation
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tenderness
pallor swelling coolness tissue sloughs 1-4 weeks |
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Nursing action extravasation
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Stop infusion
Aspirate drug from cath leave in place Admin antidote Apply cold compress Photo site/document Monitor client/site |
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Signs and symptoms phlebitis
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redness
Warmth edema pain vein hard and cordlike |
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Symptoms of circulatory overload
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SOB
increased BP edema crackles |
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Symptoms of Speed Shock
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light-headed
dizziness chest tightness may progress to cardiac arrest |
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Speed shock
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Rapid infusion of drug or fluid
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Symptoms of allergic reaction
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itching, running nose, tearing, chest tightness, wheezes
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Signs and Symptoms of Pneumothorax
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chest pain, dyspnea, apprehension, cyanosis, tachycardia, decreased breath sounds
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Nursing action Pneumothorax
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oxygen, remove cath and apply pressure, monitor VS, assist with chest tube insertion
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____ nurses must verify blood and the client
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two
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Always check VS ___, ___, and ____ the transfusion
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before, during and after
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Observe client for the ______ of the transfusion
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15 minutes
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Signs and symptoms of transfusion reaction
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chills, dizziness, fever
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Transfusion lines are always primed with ______
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normal saline
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The purpose of acid-base balance is to maintain
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balance between acids and bases to achieve homeostasis
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Acid-base balance must be regulated to maintain
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homeostasis
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pH is a ratio of ____ to ____
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base (HCO3) to acid (CO2)
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Buffers in regulators of acid/base
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primary regulators, act immediately, present in blood and tissues, take up extra or release hydrogen ions
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lungs in regulators of acid/base
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regulate carbonic acid, respond very quickly
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renal system in regulators of acid/base
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secretes hydrogen and reabsorbs bicarb, reabsorption/secretion of electrolytes, reponds within hours to days
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______ syringe is used to obtain arterial blood
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heparinized
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The Allen test is negative if arterial blood returns ____ seconds and radial artery cannot be used
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<15seconds
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If pH and HCO3 are in the same direction, the condition is _______
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metabolic
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_____ _____ is hypoventilation
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Respiratory acidosis
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Causes of respiratory acidosis
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COPD, drugs, asthma, airway obstruction, obesity, chest trauma
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______ ______ is hyperventilation
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Respiratory alkalosis
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Symptoms of respiratory acidosis
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rapid, shallow respirations, dyspnea, disorientation, muscle weakness
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Causes of respiratory alkalosis
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Anxiety, fever, drugs, increased altitude
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Symptoms of respiratory alkalosis
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Tingling of extremities, confusion, deep, rapid breathing, seizures
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Metabolic acidosis is the loss of _______
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bicarbonate
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Causes of metabolic acidosis
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DKA, renal failure, GI losses, Salicylate tox, seizures
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Symptoms of metabolic acidosis
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Disorientation, Kussmal respirations, muscle twitching, changes in LOC
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Metabolic alkalosis is the loss of ____
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acid
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Causes of metabolic alkalosis
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NG suctioning, overuse of antacids, K+ wasting diuretics
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Symptoms of metabolic alkalosis
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N/V, diarrhea, restlessness, slow respirations, arrhythmias
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Compensation is
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body's attempt to maintain a normal pH level
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If one system changes in an _____ direction, the other compensates in the ______ direction
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acidic, alkalotic
alkalotic, acidic |
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Respiratory acidosis is associated with ______ overdose
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Sedative or narcotic
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Metabolic acidosis is associated with ______ or _____ failure
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diabetic ketosis or renal failure
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A problem associated with both hyperkalemia and hypokalemia is ______
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arrhythmias
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