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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Information Systems
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a set of components that work together to create information. A set of interrelated elements or components that collect (input), manipulate (process), store, and disseminate (output) data and information and that provide a corrective reaction (feedback mechanism) to meet an objective.
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Data
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facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis. (raw facts)
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Information
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organized and processed data that is useful, meaningful, or interesting to the individual
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Knowledge
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understanding information so that it can be applied to accomplish tasks
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“Characteristics of Good Information”
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-Accessible- easy to access
-Accurate- is correct in all details -Complete- finished -Economical- does not waste money -Flexible -Relevant- is on the topic you need to know about -Reliable- you don't have to worry about the authenticity of the info -Secure- will not get hacked -Simple- easy to understand -Timely- quick to find -Verifiable- is easy to check facts to make sure they are accurate |
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System
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components that work together to accomplish a purpose
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Efficiency
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A measure of what is produced divided by what is consumed.
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effectiveness |
a measure of the extent that a system reaches its goals; quality |
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System Performance Standard
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a specific objective of the system
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Input
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components of a computer; gather and capture raw data; ex. keyboard, mouse, etc.
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Processing
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converting or transforming data into useful outputs.
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Output
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Production of useful information, usually in the form of documents and reports.
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Feedback
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information from the system that is used to make changes to input or processing activities
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Forecasting |
Predicting future events to avoid problems. |
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Technology infrastructure |
All the hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information. |
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Hardware
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equipment used for input, processing, output, and storage; "physical components"
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Software
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The computer programs that govern the operations of the computer.
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Database |
An organized collection of facts and information, typically consisting of two or more related data files.
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Telecommunications
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The electronic transmission of signals for communications that enables organizations to carry out their processes and tasks through effective computer networks.
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Networks |
Computers and equipment that are connected in a building, around the country, or around the world to enable electronic communications.
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Internet |
The world's largest computer network, consisting of thousand of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information.
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Intranet |
An internal network based on Web technologies that allows people within an organization to exchange information and work on projects |
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Extranet |
an intranet made available to outside authorized users. ex. allowing suppliers to see sales of their product and inventory |
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Procedures |
strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using the computer based information system; the steps followed to do something |
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e-commerce |
any business transaction done electronically
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Mobile commerce ( m commerce ) |
The use of mobile, wireless devices to place orders and conduct business.
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E-Business |
using information systems to perform all business-related tasks and functions; business transactions online (not necessarily buying and selling)
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Transaction processing system (TPS)
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An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, anddevices used to perform and record business transactions.
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Enterprise resource planning system (ERP
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set of coordination programs that manages the vital business operations for an entire multisite, global organization; an information system that spans an entire site
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Management information system (MIS)
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collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that provides routine information to managers and decision makers
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Decision support systems (DSS)
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collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that support problem-specific decision making
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Artificial intelligence (AI)
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systems or computers set up to simulate human intelligence
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Expert Systems |
give the computer the ability to make suggestions and function like an expert in a certain field, helping to enhance the performance of an inexperienced user
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Virtual Reality |
the simulation of a real or imagined environment that can be experienced visually in three dimensions
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Systems development – p. 29 - creating or modifying information systems
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“Overview of systems development”
Systems investigation - understand the problem Systems analysis - understand the solution - Systems design - select and plan the best solution - Systems implementation - place the solution into effect Systems maintenance and review - evaluate the results of the solution |
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“Ethical & Societal Issues: How Much Privacy for Your Data” – p. 31 – read this- questions from this article: 1. what legal obligations apply? Legal obligations trump all other considerations. 2. Are there other business considerations? 3. What does the market call for? If customers expect a privacy policy, not having one that meets their expectations can hurt business. 4. What can the firm realistically promise? The ideal course might be for a company to promise to completely protect its customers data.
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Computer Literacy |
he knowledge of computer systems and equipment and the ways they work
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Information systems literacy
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the knowledge of how data and information are used by individuals, groups, and organizations
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Global challenges
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Cultural Challenges Langauge Challenges Time and Distance Challenges Infrastructure Challenges Currency Challenges Product and Service Challenges Technology Transfer Challenges State, Regional and National Laws Challenges Trade Agreements |
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Cultural Challenges |
Cultures and customs that affect individuals and organizations ability to get involved with trade
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Language Challenges |
language differences make it difficult to communicate exact meaning.
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Time and Distance Challenges |
Time differences make it difficult to talk to others on the other side of the world. Long distances may force a product to take days to reach its destination
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Infrastructure Challenges |
Items such as electricity, water, telephone service, Internet connection, or skilled employees may not be readily available in some parts of the world
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Currency Challenges |
different currencies having values that constantly change can make international trade complex.
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Product and Service Challenges |
software and other electronic products (such as ebooks) can be sold across the world instantly whereas physical products (bicycles, automobiles, etc.) must be shipped across the world.
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Technolog Transfer Challenges |
certain technology may be forbidden by a nation's government. Some believe this is responsible for stealing of intellectual property between countries, and it may cause trade secrets to be lost or products to be counterfeited.
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State, Regional and National Laws |
Different areas have different laws. Laws restricting how data enters or exits a country are called transborder data flow laws. Incorporating these laws can be difficult and may require expert legal advice.
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Trade Agreements |
Countries enter into trade agreements that may enforce national regulation (NAFTA, CAFTA, EU, etc.
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Organization |
a formal collection of people and other resources established to accomplish a set of goals.
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Value Chain |
a series of activities that includes inbound logistics, warehouse and storage, production and manufacturing, finished product storage, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and customer service.
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Organizational Structure |
organizational subunits and the way they relate to the overall organization.
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Traditional Organizational Structure |
an organizational structure in which the hierarchy of decision making and authority flows from the strategic management at the top down to operational management and non management employees.
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Flat Organizational Structure |
an organizational structure with a reduced number of management layers.
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Empowerment |
giving employees and their managers more responsibility and authority to make decisions, take action, and have more control over their jobs.
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Project Organizational Structure |
a structure centered on major products or service.
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Team Organizational Structure |
a structure centered on work teams or groups.
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Virtual Organizational Structure
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a structure that uses individuals, groups, or complete business units in geographically dispersed areas; these groups can last for a few weeks or years, often requiring telecommunications and the Internet.
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Innovation |
Striving to improve operations by looking for fresh, innovative ideas. Cutting edge products and services.
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Culture |
a set of major understandings and assumptions shared by a group, such as within an ethnic group or a country.
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Organizational Culture |
is a system of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs, which governs how people behave in organizations.
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Organizational Change |
how for-profit and nonprofit organizations plan for, implement and handle change.
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Change Model |
a representation of change theories that identifies the phases of change and the best way to implement them.
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Organizational Learning |
the adaptations and adjustments based on experience and ideas over time.
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Reengineering (process redesign)
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the radical redesign of business processes, organizational structures, information systems, and values of the organization to achieve a breakthrough in business results.
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Continous Improvement |
constantly seeking ways to improve business processes and add value to products and services.
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Technology Diffusion |
a measure of how widely technology is spread throughout the organization.
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Technology Infusion |
he extent to which technology permeates an area or department.
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Quality |
the ability of a product or service to meet or exceed customer expectations.
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Competitive Advantage |
a significant and ideally long term benefit to a company over its competition.
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Porter's 5 Force Model |
a widely accepted model that identifies five key factors that can lead to attainment of competitive advantage including:
1) The Rivalry Among Existing Competitors 2) The Threat of New Entrants 3) The Threat of Substitute Products and Services 4) The Bargaining Power of Buyers 5) The Bargaining Power of Suppliers |
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“Strategies for creating competitive advantage”
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Cost Leadership Differentiation Niche Strategy Altering the industry structure Strategic alliance/Strategic partnership Creating new products and services Improving existing product lines and services |
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Productivity |
a measure of the output achieved divided by the input required
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Return on Investment |
one measure of IS value that investigates the additional profits or benefits that are generated as a percentage of the investment in IS technology.
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Earnings Growth |
another measure of the IS value is the increase profit or earnings growth the system brings.
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Market Shares and Speed to Market |
the percentage of sales that a product or service has in relation to the total market.
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Customer Awareness and Satisfaction
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about half of today's best global companies measure the performance of their information systems based on feedback from internal and external users.
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Total Cost of Ownership |
the sum of all costs over the life of an information system including the costs to acquire components such as the technology, technical support, administration costs, and end user operations.
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Risk |
Managers must also consider the risks of designing, developing and implementing these systems.
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Information Service Unit |
A miniature IS department attached and directly reporting to a function are in a large organization.
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