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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When did the Internet become available for public use? |
1991 (Will accept 1994) |
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What was the ARPANET? |
ARPANET was a networking experiment and a means of linking the US Department of defence and military research contactors. It was a predecessor to the internet |
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What are the names of the 2 networks the ARPANET was broken into? |
MILNET for military sites ARPANET for non-military sites |
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What does ARPA stand for? |
Advanced Research Projects Agency |
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What is the abbreviation for the 2 protocols used by most applications on the internet? |
TCP/IP. (Stands for Transmission control protocol and internet protocol) |
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How is data sent and received over the internet? |
In “Packets” |
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What is the difference between data and information? |
Data is raw, unprocessed facts Information is data that has been processed to make it meaningful and useful. |
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What are the four components of a system? |
Input -> Process -> Output^------------Feedback-------| |
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What are the Different Types of systems? |
Simple Complex Open Closed Stable Dynamic Adaptive Non-Adaptive Permanent Temporary |
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What is the Definition of a 'Open' system? |
OpenInteracts with it’s environment;can be altered | VThermostat controlled systems |
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What is the Definition of a 'Closed' system? |
ClosedNo environmental interaction | VParts of a car engine |
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What is the Definition of a 'Stable' system? |
StableUndergoes very little change over time | V Office cleaning |
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What is the Definition of a 'Dynamic' system? |
DynamicUndergoes rapid and constant change with time|VComputer systemscommunication |
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Factors affecting information value. What factors make information valuable? |
Accurate, Simple, Complete, Timely,Economical, Verifiable, Flexible, Accessible,Reliable, Secure, Relevant. |
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What are the 3 information Management Levels? |
Strategic, Tactical, Operational |
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What are the features of Strategic management? |
Concerned with the strategic direction of the business; Competitive advantage and business position; Future driven. |
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What are the features of Tactical management? |
Concerned with the current operation of a business or department of a business |
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What are the features of Operational management? |
Concerned with individual transactions |
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What are the two types of information systems? |
Manual:A system that does not utilize computer technology. Computer based information systems (CBIS):A system that utilises computer technology |
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A computer based information system (CBIS)is a set of...(7) |
People, Hardware, Software resources, Processes & procedures, Data, Network, Information products. |
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A computer based information system (CBIS)has People that are? |
Specialists (systems analysts, software developers); End users (systems operators). |
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A computer based information system (CBIS)has hardware which includes? |
Machines (computers, monitors, hard drives); Media (USB drives, cables, optical scanners). |
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A computer based information system (CBIS)has Software which includes? |
Programmes (operating systems, spreadsheets); Procedures (data entry, error correction, batch processing). |
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A computer based information system (CBIS)has Data Which includes? |
Product descriptions, customer records, employee files, inventory databases. |
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A computer based information system (CBIS)has Network resourses which includes? |
Communications media, communications processors, network access and control software. |
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A computer based information system (CBIS)has Processes and procedures which include? |
Used to turn data into information |
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A computer based information system (CBIS)has information Products which include? |
Management reports and business documents using text and graphics displays, audio responses, and paper forms. |
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What are the information systems activities? |
Input of data resourcesProcessing of data into informationOutput of information productsStorage of data resourcesControl of system performance |
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What is the involved with the Control of system performance examples? |
Control involves monitoring and evaluating feedback to determine whether a system is moving toward the achievement of its goal. If the goal is not being achieved, then the system should be tweaked or changed to achieve the goals of an organisation. |
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What are the Major roles of Business information systems? |
Support Competitive Advantage(Strategic) Support Business Decision Making(Tactical) Support of Business Processes and Operates (Operational) |
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what does Support Competitive Advantage(Strategic) consist Of? |
Executive Information SystemsCritical information tailored to the information needs of executives;information sourced internally and externally;presented in easy to use displays, e.g. touch screen terminals; instantly available text and graphics highlighting key areas of organisational and competitive performance. |
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what does Support Business Decision Making(Tactical) consist Of? |
Management Information Systems (MIS);Provide pre-specified reports and displays to support decision-making via periodic, exception, demand, or push reporting (scheduled).Decision Support Systems (DSS)Provide interactive, ad hoc support;use software, a model base and databases to provide tailored information to support semi-structured and unstructured decisions faced by individual managers;use a decision maker’s own insights to reach a specific decision. |
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what does Support ofBusiness Processes and Operations (Operational) consist Of? |
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS);Batch processing – transaction data accumulate over time, processed periodically.Real-time processing – data processed immediately after a transaction occurs.Enterprise Collaboration Systems;Support communication, coordination, and collaboration;Virtual teams.Process Control Systems.Monitor and control physical processes. |
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Functional business systems include: |
FinanceaccountingManufacturing |
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What is an organisation? |
A social entity that has a collective goal and is linked to an external environment. |
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What sort of ‘systems’ are organisations? |
‘Open’ systems because they affect, and are affected by their environment. |
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What are the 3 management roles in an organisation? |
Top, middle and first level management. |
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What are the roles within the Top level? |
Chief Executive OfficerChief Operational OfficerChief Financial OfficerChief Information OfficerChief Technology OfficerChief Security OfficerChief Privacy OfficerChief Knowledge Officer |
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What are the roles within the Middle level? |
General ManagerPlant ManagerDivisional ManagerRegional Manager |
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What are the roles within the First level? |
Office ManagerStore ManagerDepartment Manager |
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What is Organisational Culture? |
Organisational Culture is the mix of attitudes, values, beliefs, and typical patterns of relationships, behaviour, and performance that characterise the organisation. |
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What are Mission Statements? |
they Are broad, general statements that explain why the organisation exists; do not usually change from year to year. |
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What are Goals? |
Are statements describing what an organisation wishes to accomplish, stemming from the purpose or mission; are ends towards which an organisation’s efforts will be directed and often change over time. |
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What are Objectives? |
they Are descriptions of exactly what is to be done;are derived from the goals;give clear specific statements of measurable tasks that will be accomplished as steps towards reaching the goals;are short-term and have deadlines |
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What makes a good mission/purpose statement? |
SimplifiedAvoid fancy technical mumbo jumbo.Intentional (goal driven)It should be attached to organisation goals.ConsolidatedIt should cover the relevant areas.InspirationalIt should inspire the reader.MemorableThe purpose should be memorable |
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What are the expanding roles of information systems from 1950s to the present? |
Data processing;management reporting;decision support;strategic and end user support;electronic business and commerce. |
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What are functional information systems? |
Information systems that process information/data within a business department. |
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What are Cross-Functional Information Systems? |
Information systems designed to integrate the activities of the entire business process, and are called so because they 'cross' departmental boundaries. |
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Cross functional information systems include: SCM, CRM, ERP,ECS but what do they mean |
Supply Chain Management (SCM)Customer Relationship Management (CRM)Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)Enterprise Collaboration Systems (ECS) |
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What is Supply chain management (SCM)? |
Integrating management practices and IT to optimize information and product flows among the processes and business partners within a supply chain. |
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What is Customer Relationship Management? |
CRM is a broad term that covers concepts used by companies to manage their relationships with customers, including the capture, storage and analysis of customer information. CRM itself is not a system but a strategy or concept. CRM allows businesses to collect, store and analyse information about customers. |
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What is collaboration? |
To work with another person or group in order to achieve or do something |
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So what is an enterprise collaboration system? |
An IT system that facilitates collaboration between two or more people to work together on something,e.g.Moodle (chat, forum, wiki);Google Docs. software tools to support communication, coordination, and collaboration among the members of networked teams and workgroups. |
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what are the 2 main kinds Collaboration Systems? |
Synchronous & Asynchronous |
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What is Synchronous? |
•Takes place like a conversation in real time.•For example, a chat room or video conference between two or more participants. •The conversation is immediate and everyone can be involved at one time. |
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What is Asynchronous? |
•Activities take place outside of real time.•For example, an email can be sent to a colleague. The recipient reads it and responds to the message. •Even if the response is relatively immediate, there is a time lag. |
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What is a virtual team? |
A team that is geographically dispersed. ICT tools are used to collaborate and the team may never meet face-to-face |
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What is a Business Strategy? |
A business strategy is a leadership plan that achieves a specific set of goals or objectives such as:Developing new products or services;entering new markets;increasing customer loyalty;attracting new customers;increasing sales;decreasing costs. |
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What does Information Systems play a major role in? |
maintaining businesses competitiveness by: increasing process efficiencies;improving communication;facilitating collaboration. |
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what is the internet? |
A rapidly growing computer network of millions of business, educational, and governmental networks connecting hundreds of millions of computers and their users in over 200 countries |
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what is the intranet? |
An Internet-like network within an organisation. Web browser software provides easy access to internal websites established by business units, teams, and individuals, and other network resources and applications. |
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what is the extranet? |
A network that links selected resources of a company with its customers, suppliers and other business partners, using the Internet or private networks to link the organisations’ intranets. |
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Telecommunications networks consist of? |
Computers;the Internet, intranets, and extranets;communications processors devices interconnected by communication media and controlled by communications software |
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What is EDI? |
Electronic Data Interchange a standard format for the electronic exchange of information between supply chain participants |
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What is e-Business? |
The use of Internet technologies to inter-network and empower business processes, electronic commerce, and enterprise communication and collaboration within a company and with its customers, suppliers, and other business stakeholders. |
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§What is e-Commerce? |
The buying and selling, marketing and servicing, delivery and payment of products, services and information over the Internet, intranets, extranets and other networks, between an inter-networked enterprise and its prospects, customers, suppliers, and other business partners. |
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What is m-Commerce? |
The ability to purchase goods and services through a wireless- internet enabled device eg Cellphones. |
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What is ‘cloud computing’? |
A method of computing in which the individual or an organisation makes use of another organisation’s excess computing power or data storage capacity The use of resources and applications hosted remotely on the Internet |
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What does IaaS,SaaS and PaaS mean? |
Infrastructure as a Service Software as a Service Platform as a Service |
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What is Infrastructure as a Service |
a service that delivers hardware networking capabilities including the use of servers, networking and storage over the cloud using a pay-per-use revenue model |
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what is Software as a Service? |
delivers applications over the cloud using pay-per use revenue model |
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what is Platform as a Service? |
supports the deployment of entire systems including hardware, networking and applications using a pay-per-use revenue model |
