Information Science 1 Chapter 10 Flashcards

Front 1

Computer Security Risk

Back 1

any event that could cause a loss of or damage to computer hardware, software, data, info., or processing capabilities

Front 2

Computer Crime

Back 2

any illegal act involving a computer

Front 3

Cybercrime

Back 3

online or Internet-based illegal acts

Front 4

Hacker

Back 4

derogatory, refers to someone who accesses a computer or network illegally

Front 5

Cracker

Back 5

someone who accesses a computer or network illegally with the intent of destroying data, stealing info., or other malicious action

Front 6

Script Kiddie

Back 6

same intent as cracker, but doesn't have the technical skills or knowledge, often use prewritten hacking and cracking programs to break into computers

Front 7

Corporate Spies

Back 7

people hired to break into a specific computer to steal data and info. to gain their company an advantage

Front 8

Cyberextortionist

Back 8

someone who uses e-mail as a vehicle for extortion. They send threatening e-mails to companies saying they'll expose expose private info., exploit a security flaw, or launch an attack that will compromise the network if they aren't paid a certain sum of money

Front 9

Malware

Back 9

(malicious software) programs that act without a user's knowledge and deliberately alter a computer's operations

Front 10

Payload

Back 10

the destructive event or prank the program is intended to deliver

Front 11

Trusted Source

Back 11

an organization or person you believe will not send a virus infected file knowingly

Front 12

Botnet

Back 12

a group of compromised computers connected to a network such as the Internet that are used as part of a network that attacks other networks, usually for nefarious purposes

Front 13

Zombie

Back 13

compromised computer whose owner is unaware the computer is being controlled remotely by an outsider

Front 14

DoS Attack

Back 14

(denial of service attack) an assault whose purpose is to disrupt computer access to an Internet service such as the Web or e-mail

Front 15

Back Door

Back 15

a program or set of instructions in a program that allow users to bypass security controls when accessing a program, computer, or network

Front 16

Spoofing

Back 16

technique intruders use to make their network or Internet transmission appear legitimate to a victim computer or network

Front 17

Unauthorized Use

Back 17

the use of a computer or its data for unapproved or possibly illegal activities

Front 18

Unauthorized Access

Back 18

the use of a computer or network without permission

Front 19

CAPTCHA

Back 19

(Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) program that verifies user input is not computer generated

Front 20

Possessed Object

Back 20

any item that you must carry to gain access to a computer or computer facility

Front 21

Biometric Device

Back 21

authenticates a person's identity by translating a personal characteristic such as a fingerprint into a digital code that is compared with a digital code stored in the computer verifying a physical or behavioral characteristic

Front 22

Digital Forensics

Back 22

(computer forensics, network forensics, cyberforensics) discovery, collection, and analysis of evidence found on computers and networks

Front 23

Hardware Theft

Back 23

the act of stealing computer equipment

Front 24

Hardware Vandalism

Back 24

the act of defacing or destroying computer equipment

Front 25

Software Theft

Back 25

occurs when someone steals software media, intentionally erases programs, illegally copies a program, or illegally registers and/or activates a program

Front 26

License Agreement

Back 26

the right to use the software

Front 27

Information Theft

Back 27

occurs when someone steals personal or confidential info.

Front 28

Encryption

Back 28

the process of converting readable data into unreadable characters to prevent unauthorized access

Front 29

Decrypt

Back 29

decipher data into a readable form

Front 30

Encryption Algorithm

Back 30

A set of steps that can convert readable plaintext into unreadable ciphertext

Front 31

Encryption Key

Back 31

a programmed formula that the originator of the data uses to encrypt the plaintext and the recipient of the data uses to decrypt the ciphertext

Front 32

Plaintext

Back 32

unencrypted, readable data

Front 33

Ciphertext

Back 33

encrypted, scrambled data

Front 34

Digital Signature

Back 34

encrypted code that a person, Web site, or organization attaches to an electronic message to verify the identity of the message sender

Front 35

Digital Certificate

Back 35

a notice that guarantees a user or a Web site is legitimate

Front 36

Certificate Authority (CA)

Back 36

authorized person or a company that issues and verifies digital certificates

Front 37

System Failure

Back 37

prolonged malfunction of a computer

Front 38

Surge Protector

Back 38

uses special electrical components to provide a stable current flow to the computer and other electronic components

Front 39

UPS

Back 39

(uninterruptible power supply) device that contains surge protection circuits and one or more batteries that can provide power during a loss of power

Front 40

backup

Back 40

duplicate file, program, or disk that can be used if the original is lost, damaged, or destroyed

Front 41

Restore

Back 41

used in case of system failure or discovery of corrupted files, restore files by copying the backed up files to their original location on the computer

Front 42

WAP

Back 42

(wireless access point) unsecured connection point to the Internet

Front 43

War Driving

Back 43

individuals attempt to detect wireless networks via their notebook computer or mobile device while driving a vehicle through areas they suspect have a wireless network

Front 44

WPA

Back 44

(Wi-Fi protected access) security standard that improves on older security standards by authenticating network users and providing more advanced encryption techniques

Front 45

802.11i or WPA2

Back 45

most recent network security standard, conforms to the gov't's security standards and uses more sophisticated encryption techniques than WPA.