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135 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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flow of information
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data
information knowledge wisdom |
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data given meaning
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information
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appropriate use of information
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knowledge
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deep understanding
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wisdom
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clinical expertise
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wisdom
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____ captures ____ at a single point
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information
data |
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understood or implied without being stated
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tacit
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tacit
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understood or implied without being stated
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usable is the opposite of
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fleeting
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informatics exists at the intersection of (3)
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1. people
2. info 3. technology |
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2 venn diagrams for health informatics
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1. health care
2. info science 3. computer science 1. health system 2. clinical care 3. information computer technology |
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4 levels of health informatics
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1. bioinformatics
2. imaging 3. clinical (individual patients) 4. public health |
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how is clinical informatics subdivided
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into different professions
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medication use system
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1. prescribe
2. transcribe 3. dispense 4. administer 5. monitor |
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transcribe
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put into computer
assess appropriateness |
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role of pharmacist (10)
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1. be timely
2. access resources 3. translate 4. use variety of sources 5. only reviewed literature 6. relevant response 7. appropriate response 8. don't use only tertiary literature 9. patient record production, maintenance, safe keeping 10. make recomendation |
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how to obtain info for an individual
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study what is already known
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how to obtain info for population
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carry out new research
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role of secondary resources
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organize primary resources
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role of tertiary resources
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summarize primary resources
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which drugs are found in the CPS
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drugs approved in Canada
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main use for martindale
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foreign products
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how martindale is organized
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chapter by disease
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unique factors about martindale (3)
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1. foreign products
2. chemical formula and stability 3. pharmacopoeia (standard amount that needs to be in something) |
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who wrote Martindale
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pharmacists
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unique factors about AHFS (4)
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1. in depth
2. clinical advice (ex. traveller's diarrhea - rehydrate) 3. references 4. gives uses and indications |
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where is AHFS classification used
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ODB
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unique factors about Drugpoints (8)
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US trade names
generic availability drug class regulatory status how supplied admin and monitoring images and imprints (useless because US products) clinical teaching |
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unique factors about Compendium of Self Products AKA Products for Minor Ailments (3)
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non-prescription
contains info for patient similar to CPS |
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unique factors about Patient Self Care (2)
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Help patients select OTC stuff
copyable pages for patients |
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unique factors about DrugDex (2)
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extensively referenced
comparative efficacy |
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Unique factors about Drugpoints (8)
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1. US trade names
2. generic availability 3. drug class 4. regulatory status 5. how supplied 6. admin and monitoring 7. images and imprints (useless because from US products) 8. clinical teaching |
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Unique factors of TC
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1. quick guide
2. symptoms and diagnosis 3. Non-RX treatment 4. therapeutic tips 5. product comparisons |
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where to do product comparisons (3)
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TC
Drugdex Compendium of Self Care Products AKA Products for Minor Ailments |
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Appendices of Patient Self Care (5)
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medical devices
home testing travel info microorganisms CAM |
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who writes Therapeutic Choices
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MDs
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who writes Martindale
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pharmacists
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why do CPhA monographs exist
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old drugs
classes of drugs |
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where are monographs found (7)
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CPS
AHFS DrugDex Martindale DPD www.rxlist.com www.drugs.com |
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what is the non-prescription version of the CPS
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Compendium of Self Care Products AKA Products for Minor Ailments
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How Compendium of Self Care Products AKA Products for Minor Ailments is analogous to CPS
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1. Info for patient (CPS used to have blue pages)
2. Product info like monographs (by manufacturer, approved by gov't) 3. directory |
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Parts of a Monograph
1 (a-m) 2 (a-f) 3 (a-i) |
1. 1. Health Professional Info
a. Pharmacology b. Indications/Uses c. Evidence of efficacy and safety d. Contraindications e. Adverse reactions f. Interactions g. Dosage and admin h. Overdose i. Storage and stability j. Special handling instructions k. Dosage forms l. Composition m. Packaging 2. Scientific Info a. Pharmaceutical info a. Structure b. Mol weight c. Mp d. solubility b. Studies a. Clinical b. Efficacy and safety c. Comparative bioavailability c. Detailed pharmacology a. Animal b. Carcinogenicity c. Mutagenicity d. Repro and teratology d. Microbiology e. Toxicology f. References 3. Consumer info a. Disclaimer b. About c. Warnings and precautions d. Interactions e. Proper use f. Side effects g. Reporting side effects h. More info date |
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DPD stands for
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drug product database
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what is DPD
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source of monographs
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things not in monographs (3)
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comparisons
prices sufficient info about pregnancy/breastfeeding/overdose |
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what part of a monograph is not found in CPS
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scientific info
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CPS is required by
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OCP
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precaution can be prevented - what can't
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warning
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Prevalence of adverse rxns and which word can be used
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Very common: >10%
Common: 1-10% Uncommon: 0.1-1% Rare: 0.01-0.1% Very rare: <0.01% |
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5 Parts of Martindale
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1. monographs
2. supplementary drugs and substances 3. proprietary preparations (can see brand name in other countries) 4. index of manufacturers 5. general index |
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how is the CPS Therapeutic Guide organized
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ATC listing of disease/conditions and drug class to treat
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How is Patient Self Care Organized
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by body systems and their conditions
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what is a supplementary drug/substance (in Martindale)
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1. new
2. hard to classify 3. herbals 4. discontinued 5. toxic substances |
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Use of lexi-comp
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can find AHFS Drug Information There
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AHFS stands for
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American Health-Systems Formulary Service
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components of Micro-medex
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Drugdex
Drugpoints Detailed drug info for the consumer |
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green section of the CPS
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brand and generic name index
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pink section of the CPS
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Therapeutic guide
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lilac section of the CPS
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Clinical Info
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yellow section of the CPS
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directory
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glossy grey section of the CPS
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product ID
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grey section of the GPS
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Glossary and Appendices
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white section of the CPS
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monographs
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brand and generic index (CPS)
italics |
generic drug name
active ingredient therapeutic |
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brand and generic index (CPS)
bold and underlined |
prescribing info in the monograph section
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brand and generic index (CPS)
bold not underlined |
availability info in monograph
includes strengths, forms |
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brand and generic index (CPS)
regular typeface |
product available in Canada but not monograph in the CPS
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where to look if there's no monograph in the CPS
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DPD
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e-CPS vs. print
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e has no therapeutic guide
print has no info for patients |
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ATC stands for
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anatomical therapeutic clinical
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are drugs in the CPS Therapeutic Guide listed by generic or trade
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generic
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what is found in the Clinical Info section of the CPS (16)
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Tools for:
Calculations Dosing Monitoring Interactions Ingredients of concern Index Vaccine schedules Lab reference values Creatinine CL formula Cardiac arrest algorithm, drugs Drugs in pregnancy, lactation Drugs in dentistry Endocarditis prevention Nutrient requirements Nonmedicinal ingredients Latex content of parenteral products |
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Who is in the CPS directory
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Poison control centre
Health organizations Pharmaceutical manufacturers New and old product listing |
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Why all manufacturers don't participate in product identification section of CPS
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It's optional
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Where else is product identification information available
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at the end of the monograph
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What is at the beginning of product ID section
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Index
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How are monographs organized in the CPS
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Alphabetical by trade name
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how can you tell that a monograph in the CPS is CPhA not product
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title area is shaded grey
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sections of monograph in the CPS (13)
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1. Brand/generic names, class, manufacturer, date of monograph prep, revisions
2. Pharmacology 1. Mech of action 2. PK 3. PD 3. Indications and uses 4. Contraindications 5. Warning and precautions 6. ADRs 7. Interactions 8. Overdose 9. Dose and admin 10. Action and clinical pharm 11. Storage and stability 12. Info for patient 13. Dosage forms, composition and packaging AKA Supplied |
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supplied AKA
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dosage forms, composition, and packaging
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Appendices of the CPS (3)
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1. Narcotics, controlled drugs, benzos
2. Special access program (for drugs that aren't approved in Canada 3. vaccine and other adverse event reporting |
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drugs that aren't approved in Canada are able via
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special access program
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Glossary sections in the CPS (4)
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1. medical abbreviations
2. latin prescription terms 3. microorganism abbreviations 4. risk factors for drug use during pregnancy |
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Sometimes you search a drug on e-CPS and there is no monograph, you get a letter in brackets - what do the letter codes mean
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M: prescribing info by manufacturer
A: Availability only D: discontinued L: link to CPhA monograph X: no monograph |
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where in a monograph can active ingredients be found
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at the top below the brand name
at the end under supplied |
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what the supplied section has that the listing of active ingredients at the top of the monograph does not
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listing of other ingredients including possible allergens
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ODB/CDI stands for
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Ontario Drug Benefit/Comparative Drug Index
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people covered under ODB (5)
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1. over 65
2. social assistance receivers 3. trillium Drug program 4. home care 5. long term care home |
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trillium drug program
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for people with high drug costs relative to their income
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2 types of social assistance in Ontario
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Disability Support
Ontario Works |
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do patients use the ODB
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no
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online version of the ODB
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e-Formulary
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DIN# is specific to
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brand name
formulary strength |
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2 things that have to be the same about interchangeable products
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same dosage form
same strength |
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DBP
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drug benefit price
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how interchangeable products work
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DBP is listed for each drug
the government will only reimburse the lowest listed DBP in a given category |
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parts of ODB (12)
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1: introduction
2: preamble 3A: list of drug products listed as interchangeable; limited use criteria 3B: off formulary interchangeability 4: alphabetical index of drugs from part 3 5: index of pharmacological-therapeutic classification 6: Facilitated Access to HIV/AIDS and palliative care drugs 7: Trillium Drug Program 8: Exceptional Access Program 9: Additional Benefits 10: Manufacturers' Abbreviations, Dosage forms, fatal doses, relative potencies, conversions (Avoirdupois to metric) 11: Not in use 12: consolidation of limited use products |
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Preamble of ODB
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The percentage of the DBP (the mark up) that is prescribed for the purpose of paragraph 3 of subsection 6(1) of the Ontario Drug Benefit Act is 8%
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how are limited use drugs listed in part IIIA of the ODB
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shaded background
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how do limited use drugs work
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patients have to meet specific criteria in order to be reimbursed
The physician puts a code on the Rx |
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why limited use drugs (2)
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promotes appropriate use
cost containment |
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What is the purpose of the off-formulary interchangeability section
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Drugs are not covered by the plan but you stil want to know whether there is interchangeability
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How the facilitated access to HIV/AIDs/palliative drugs works
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Approved physicians are exempt from paperwork associated with section 3 drugs
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For which category of drugs is the list of prescribers kept confidential
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HIV/AIDS/palliative
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Exceptional access program - how does it work
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Physician can send a written request
For drugs not on part 3 |
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When is exceptional access program used
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When there are no other treatments
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Relationship between limited use drugs, facilitated access and exceptional access, special access
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LU: patients need to fit specific criteria
Facilitated access: approved physicians are exempt from paperwork for section 3 drugs Exceptional access: physicians can send a written request for drugs not on section 3 special access: for drugs not available in Canada |
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Other benefits on ODB (2)
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Nutrition products
Diabetic testing agents |
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Where is ATC classification used (Book)
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Therapeutic guide of the CPS
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ATC vs. AHFS
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AHFS: NA
ATC: Europe (more finely divided) |
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AHFS system (2 facts)
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1. alphabetically lists by: therapeutic, generic names within therapeutic class
2. no obvious link between number and therapeutic class |
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who accredits pharmacies
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OCP
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act that gives minimal required references
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Drug and Pharmacies Regulation Act (DPRA)
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what is not required according to the Drug and Pharmacies Regulation Act (3)
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geriatric
pediatric dispensatory (gives content, preparation and uses of medicines) |
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what is required according to the Drug and Pharmacies Regulation Act (6)
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1. CPS/e-CPS/e-Therapeutics
2. access to legislation 3. drug interactions text 4. pharmaco-therapeutics text 5. patient counselling guide 6. annual subscription to drug information service |
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Drug information services
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Staffed by pharmacists who are trained to answer more complex questions and can access more intense resources than the average pharmacist should not call them for routine questions
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e-Therapeutics replaces
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CPS
TC Drug Interactions text |
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Possible authors of Drug Interactions texts
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Hansten and Horn
Tatro Zucchero and Hogan (Lexi-Interact) Other software program |
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Possible Authors of Pharmaco-Therapeutics Texts
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Koda-Kimble
DiPiro |
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What distinguishes Koda-Kimble text
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Case based approach
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TC vs. other pharmaco-therapeutics texts
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More condensed
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How often are drug interactions texts published
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quarterly
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Martindale - country of authorship
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UK
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AHFS - country of authorship
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USA
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Compendium of Self Care Products
Products for Minor Ailments Country of authorship |
Canada
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TC Country of authorship
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Canada
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Patient Self Care
Country of authorship |
Canada
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List 3 references that have references
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AHFS
Drugdex - extensive Drug monographs |
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List a reference that specifically does not have references
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ODB/CDI
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How frequently does Martindale publish
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2-3 years
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How frequently does CPS publish
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Annually
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How frequently does ODB/CDI publish
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Every few years
Several electronic updates per year |
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What does CPhA publish (5)
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1. Patient Self Care
2. CPS 3. TC 4. Compendium of Self Care Products or Products for Minor Ailments Drug monographs |
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Act that stipulates the required reference guide
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Drug and Pharmacies Regulation Act
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What is the library guide
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Tells pharmacies what books are required
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