Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are fallacies?
|
A psychologically compelling, but logically suspect, pattern of argumentation.
|
|
|
Appeal to the Masses (ad populum)
|
Appealing to common beliefs, emotions, common practices, and traditions.
|
|
|
Appeal to Pity
|
Speaker tries to get the audience to pity him.
|
|
|
Appeal to Force
|
Speaker threatens the audience
|
|
|
Against the Person (ad hominem)
what two kinds are there? |
Abusive and Cirumstantial
|
|
|
Circumstantial ad hominem (against the person)
|
Talking badly about an opponents position. (Hypocrite)
|
|
|
Abusive ad hominem (against the person)
|
Speaker calls opponents character into question or his associates into question.
|
|
|
Genetic Fallacy
|
Speaker tries to discredit a claim by disclosing the origin of the claim.
|
|
|
Straw Man
|
Speaker mischaracterizes an opponents argument
|
|
|
Irrelevant Conclusion
|
Reach a conclusion different from the issue at hand (the star wars program should be instated because we need protection)
|
|
|
Red Herring (evading the issue)
|
intentionally straying in order to hide the fact that the argument is bad
|
|
|
Non-sequitor
|
Premises have no logical bearing on the conclusion.
|
|
|
Argument from ignorance
|
Speaker urges audience to disagree with oppenents claim because it hasn't been proven. OR the speaker urges audience to accept his claim b/c it hasn't been proven or disproven
|
|
|
Appeal to innapropriate authority
|
"Quoting someone who shouldn't be quoted." Using a bad authority.
|
|
|
False Cause (***** Post hoc Ergo Propter Hoc)
|
"Correlation does not equal causation." Speaker tries to convince his audience that an event was caused by something that did not really cause it.
|
|
|
Hasty Generalization
|
Speaker infers the truth based upon a small # of cases that concur with the generalization
|
|
|
Fallacy of Accident
|
The generalization is a premise that allows the speaker to come to a conclusion. Mis-apply a generaliztion to an inapropriate case.
|
|
|
Complex Question
|
Speaker poses a bad or misleading question to his opponent and then makes an illicit inference from his opponents answer. (question mark)
|
|
|
Begging the Question (petitio principii)
|
Truth of the conclusion is assumed in the premises (no question mark)
|
|
|
Equivocation
|
A word appears more than once with a different definition each time
|
|
|
Amphipoly
|
Speaker interprets a statement in the unintended fashion and offers a conclusion based on that. Two different meanings.
|
|
|
Accent
|
Deliberately uses a misleading emphasis. Speaker deliberately makes claims in such a fashion as to lead the audience to infer an improper conclusion
|
|
|
Fallacy of Composition
|
Speaker argues from parts to whole, or sample to population.
|
|
|
Fallacy of Division
|
Speaker argues from whole to parts.
|
