Info Systems Chapters 1-6

Front 1

business intelligence (BI)

Back 1

Provides historical, current, and predictive views of business operations and environments and gives organizations a competitive advantage in the marketplace

Front 2

computer literacy

Back 2

Skill in using productivity software, such as word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems, and presentation software, as well as having a basic knowledge of hardware and software, the internet, and collaboration tools and technologies

Front 3

information literacy

Back 3

Understanding the role of information in generating and using business intelligence

Front 4

data

Back 4

Consists of raw facts and is a component of an information system

Front 5

database

Back 5

A collection of all relevant data organized in a series of integrated files

Front 6

process

Back 6

Component of an information system generates the most useful type of information for decision making, including transaction-processing reports and models for decision analysis

Front 7

information

Back 7

Consists of facts that have been analyzed by the process component and is an output of an information system

Front 8

management information system (MIS)

Back 8

An organized integration of hardware and software technologies, data, processes, and human elements designed to produce timely, integrated, relevant, accurate, and useful information for decision making purposes

Front 9

transaction-processing system (TPS)

Back 9

Focus on data collection and processing; the major reason for using them is cost reduction

Front 10

application software

Back 10

Can be commercial software or software developed in house and is used to perform a variety of tasks on a personal computer

Front 11

arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

Back 11

Performs arithmetic operations as well as comparison or relational operations; the latter are used to compare numbers

Front 12

central processing unit (CPU)

Back 12

The heart of a computer. It is divided into two components: the arithmetic logic unit and the control unit

Front 13

control unit

Back 13

Tells the computer what to do, such as instructing the computer which device to read or send output to

Front 14

input devices

Back 14

Send data and information to the computer. Examples include a keyboard and mouse

Front 15

output devices

Back 15

Capable of representing information from a computer. The form of this output might be visual, audio, or digital; examples include printers, display monitors, and plotters

Front 16

main memory

Back 16

Stores data and information and is usually volatile; its contents are lost when electrical power is turned off. It plays a major role in a computer's performance

Front 17

operating system (OS)

Back 17

A set of programs for controlling and managing computer hardware and software. It provides an interface between a computer and the user and increases computer efficiency by helping users share computer resources and by performing repetitive tasks for users

Front 18

random access memory (RAM)

Back 18

Volatile memory, in which data can be read from and written to; it is also called read-write memory

Front 19

server

Back 19

A computer and all the software for managing network resources and offering services to a network.

Front 20

storage area network (SAN)

Back 20

A dedicated high-speed network consisting of both hardware and software used to connect and manage shared storage devices, such as disk arrays, tape libraries, and optical storage devices

Front 21

business analytics (BA)

Back 21

Uses data and statistical methods to gain insight into the data and provide decision makers with information they can act on

Front 22

create read update delete (CRUD)

Back 22

Refers to the range of functions that data administrators determine who has permission to perform certain functions

Front 23

data dictionary

Back 23

Stores definitions, such as data types for fields, default values, and validation rules for data in each field

Front 24

data-driven Web site

Back 24

Acts as an interface to a database, retrieving data for users and allowing users to enter data in the database

Front 25

data model

Back 25

Determines how data is created, represented, organized, and maintained. It usually contains data structure, operations, and integrity rules

Front 26

database management system (DBMS)

Back 26

Software for creating, storing, maintaining, and accessing database files. A DBMS makes using databases more efficient

Front 27

data mining

Back 27

Used to discover patterns and relationships

Front 28

object-oriented databases

Back 28

Both data and their relationships are contained in a single object. An object consists of attributes and methods that can be performed on the object's data

Front 29

primary key

Back 29

Uniquely identifies every record in a relational database. Examples include student ID numbers, account numbers, Social Security numbers, and invoice numbers

Front 30

relational model

Back 30

Uses a two-dimensional table of rows and columns of data. Rows are records (also called tuples), and columns are fields (also referred to as attributes)

Front 31

structured query language (SQL)

Back 31

A standard fourth generation query language used by many DBMS packages, such as Oracle 11g and Microsoft SQL Server. SQL consists of several keywords specifying actions to take

Front 32

acceptable use policy

Back 32

a set of rules specifying the legal and ethical use of a system and the consequences of noncompliance.

Front 33

cookies

Back 33

small text files with unique ID tags that are embedded in a Web browser and saved on the user's hard drive.

Front 34

cybersquatting

Back 34

registering, selling, or using a domain name to profit from someone else's trademark.

Front 35

green computing

Back 35

involves the design, manufacture, use, and disposal of computers, servers, and computing devices (such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications equipment) in such a way that there is minimal impact on the environment.

Front 36

intellectual property

Back 36

a legal umbrella covering protections that involve copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, and patents for "creations of the mind" developed by people or businesses.

Front 37

spam

Back 37

unsolicited e-mail sent for advertising purposes.

Front 38

adware

Back 38

a form of spyware that collects information about the user (without the user's consent) to determine which advertisements to display in the user's Web browser.

Front 39

availability

Back 39

computers and networks are operating, and authorized users can access the information they need. It also means a quick recovery in the event of a system failure or disaster.

Front 40

biometric security measures

Back 40

use a physiological element that is unique to a person and cannot be stolen, lost, copied, or passed on to others.

Front 41

computer fraud

Back 41

the unauthorized use of computer data for personal gain.

Front 42

confidentiality

Back 42

a system must prevent disclosing information to anyone who is not authorized to access it.

Front 43

denial-of-service (DoS)

Back 43

floods a network or server with service requests to prevent legitimate users' access to the system.

Front 44

firewall

Back 44

a combination of hardware and software that acts as a filter or barrier between a private network and external computers or networks, including the Internet. A network administrator defines rules for access, and all other data transmissions are blocked.

Front 45

integrity

Back 45

the accuracy of information resources within an organization.

Front 46

secure socket layer (SSL)

Back 46

a commonly used encryption protocol that manages transmission security on the Internet.

Front 47

spyware

Back 47

software that secretly gathers information about users while they browse the Web.

Front 48

trojan program

Back 48

contains code intended to disrupt a computer, network, or Web site, and it is usually hidden inside a popular program. Users run the popular program, unaware that the malicious program is also running in the background.

Front 49

phishing

Back 49

sending fraudulent e-mails that seem to come from legitimate sources, such as a bank or university.

Front 50

virus

Back 50

self-propagating program code that is triggered by a specified time or event. When the program or operating system containing the virus is used, the virus attaches itself to other files, and the cycle continues.

Front 51

virtual private network

Back 51

provides a secure "tunnel" through the Internet for transmitting messages and data via a private network.

Front 52

worm

Back 52

travels from computer to computer in a network, but it does not usually erase data. Unlike viruses, worms are independent programs that can spread themselves without having to be attached to a host program.

Front 53

bandwidth

Back 53

the amount of data that can be transferred from one point to another in a certain time period, usually one second.

Front 54

broadband

Back 54

multiple pieces of data are sent simultaneously to increase the transmission rate.

Front 55

communication media (conducted vs. radiated)

Back 55

connect sender and receiver devices. They can be conducted or radiated.

C-provide a physical path along which signals are transmitted, including twisted pair copper cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optics.

R-use an antenna for transmitting data through air or water.

Front 56

convergence

Back 56

refers to integrating voice, video, and data so that multimedia information can be used for decision making.

Front 57

data communication

Back 57

the electronic transfer of data from one location to another.

Front 58

local area network (LAN)

Back 58

connects workstations and peripheral devices that are in close proximity.

Front 59

mobile network

Back 59

a network operating on a radio frequency (RF), consisting of radio cells, each served by a fixed transmitter, known as a cell site or base station.

Front 60

protocols

Back 60

rules that govern data communication, including error detection, message length, and transmission speed.

Front 61

router

Back 61

a network connection device containing software that connects network systems and controls traffic flow between them.

Front 62

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

Back 62

an industry-standard suite of communication protocols that enables interoperability.

Front 63

wireless network

Back 63

a network that uses wireless instead of wired technology.