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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a private good? |
-goods consumed by one person |
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What are characteristics of a private good? |
cell phone. airplane ticket. |
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What is a public good? |
-can be used simultaneously by many |
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What are characteristics of a public good? |
-not depleted by use -non excludable fireworks, clean air, street lights |
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What are merit goods? |
-goods that reflect social values beyond market efficiency |
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What are characteristics of merit goods? |
-benefits accrue to society beyond the benefits gained by the individual consuming the good -public ed, vaccines |
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What are externalities? |
-effects of market transactions on 3rd parties |
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What is an experience good? |
-a movie, a lecture hall class |
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why is information an experience good? |
because you gain information by experiencing things. |
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Describe the characteristics of info as an economic good |
-different from other goods |
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What roles acc'd to Lester& Koehler can gvt play in info provision? |
-facilitator of info creation & access |
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Acc'd to the constitution, what can gvt NOT intervene in (in terms of info) |
freedom of speech or freedom of the press |
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How can policy & regulation assist in the creation & production of info? |
-they encourage creativity by not allowing the copying of anything |
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How can policy and regulation assist in the dissemination of info |
- info widely avail. |
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what are ethics? |
rules/principles people use to make choices that guide their decisions and behaviors |
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What values are greatly debated in information science? (Davis & shaw) |
-freedom of speech -freedom of access, the right to communicate -security of info |
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What is kant's categorical imperative? |
-'if everyone in society acted this way, could society in general survive?' |
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What ethical considerations exist in human factors in design? What is being balanced? |
idk |
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what ethical considerations exist in access? What is being balanced? |
idk |
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what ethical considerations exist in intellectual property? What is being balanced? |
idk |
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what ethical considerations exist in privacy? what is being balanced? |
idk |
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what ethical considerations exist in security? what is being balanced? |
idk |
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What is the digital divide? |
-a gap in understanding, capability, and access to tech in order to exploit the digital revolution in information |
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What is universal access? |
-everyone has access |
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What is universal usability? |
usable by all |
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How is universal usability different from universal access? |
-just because people can access something doesn't mean they know how to use it |
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According to Shneiderman, what are 3 challenges to universal usability? |
- supporting a broad range of hardware, software & network access. - overcoming the gaps in user knowledge between what they know & what they need to know |
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What demographic characteristics make Americans more or less likely to have broadband internet at home? |
more- suburban white males ages 18-29, college grad +$75k per year |
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What kinda of plans have gvts put in place to overcome digital divides? What ethical values do these policies exhibit? |
-stimulus packages, ICTs |
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Kraemer discusses probs w/the diffusion of technology. what are some probs they discuss about One Laptop Per Child? |
-lack of reliable power supply -no local IT professionals to fix |
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Explain the differences between copyright, patent, and trademark. What are they designed to protect? |
cpyright- protects original works of authorship |
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What is the basic tension in copyright law? What is copyright law trying to balance? |
Private interest vs Public good. |
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What does the constitution say about copyright? |
anything can be copyrighted as long as its original and fixed in tangible form |
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What did the first US Copyright law (1790) do? |
protected for 7 years |
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What can be copyrighted? |
anything can be copyrighted as long as its original and fixed in tangible form |
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What exclusive rights does copyright give to the copyright holder? |
-make copies of work |
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what is the term of copyright now? what did it use to be? |
now: invididual- 70 yrs after death. corp- 95 years from publication/120 years from creation
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What is fair use? |
-socially valuable use/appropriation allowed
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What 4 factors are used to determine if a use of a copyright material is fair use? |
--criticism, comment, parody |
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How do our changing environments and information systems put pressure on intellectual property (like copyright)? |
- digital, ubiquitous computing, internet |
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What are the legal, technological, and business responses to these pressures? (Davis + Lecture) |
-tech- DRM, Firewalls, encryption.
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What is privacy? How have conceptions changed over time? |
-privacy- the most comprehensive of rights & most valued by civilized men. |
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What (accd to Solove and Dyson) are the "good" sides of ubiquitious networking? Why are these important? |
-people can spread ideas without reliance on gatekeepers. -ability of citizens to 'bear witness' & publicize oppression of governments |
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What (accd to Solove and Dyson) are the "bad" sides of ubiquitious networking? How can U.N. affect reputation? |
-profound threats to privacy & reputations |
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Why are digital informations gatherers (like google) more potentially harmful to people's privacy than paper records? |
because they are stored forever, paper records can be destroyed. |
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Pick one type of good and explain characteristics |
Merit good. You can't put a price tag on it. Its a private good that's publically provided because it has some merit. Ex) public schooling. |
