Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
information management
|
- A tool whose role is to promote organizational effectiveness by critically assessing information gathering, handling and evaluation techniques.
Includes: How to find information, i.e. knowing where to go to collect it, Knowing how to organize and manipulate it i.e. statistics, How to present it to make an effective compliment to one’s argument |
|
|
politics
|
the process by which groups of people make decisions. The term is generally applied to behavior within civil governments, but politics has been observed in all human group interactions, including corporate, academic, and religious institutions.
|
|
|
Eras of Political Sciene
|
1st: Early, Early Political Science
2nd: German Model or Traditionalism 3rd: Behavioralism or Scientism 4th: Post Behavioralism |
|
|
1st Era: Early, Early Political Science
|
Before 1880's
Locke, Hobbes, Natural law and rights 13 colonies, constitutional law, history, American and International government |
|
|
2nd Era: Early Political Science
|
-need to figure our what to study
-German model of PS or Traditionalism -focused on normative, historical, economics, and law |
|
|
4th Era: Post Behavioralism
|
-mid 1960's
-event led PS to question the validity of behavioralism -civil rights movement -PS does not operate alone in enviro, it lives in -counter culter..Mills, Chomsky -substance must preced technique |
|
|
key aspects of a science
|
-Testability
-Falsibility -Tentatively -The importance of method -A scientific community -The building blocks of science |
|
|
framework of a research design
|
-Specify the question or problem with which the research is concerned
-Propose a suitable explanation for the phenomena under study -Formulate a testable hypothesis -Define the concepts identified in the hypothesis |
|
|
Levels of Measurement
|
Nominal
Ordinal Interval Ratio |
|
|
Nominal
|
values assigned to a variable represent only diff categories or classification for that variable
-lowest in measurement -classify into categories but can't measure between categories -term means that we assign names and that's it |
|
|
Ordinal Measurement
|
classification into set of categories that do have a direction, assumes that a comparison can be made on which observations have more or less of a particular attribute
-can place the items into categories -can rank them -can say more or less but not exactly how much |
|
|
Interval Measurement
|
assigns real numbers to observations and has equal intervals of measurement but has no absolute zero
-has rank and order -no absolute zero -variable can be measured |
|
|
Ratio Measurement
|
assigns real numbers to observations, has equal intervals of measurement, and has an absolute zero point
-best level of measurement -real numbers -have absolute zero |
|
|
Good Hypothesis
|
propositions stated specifically that they can be tested empirically
-usually states a relationship b/w 2 or more things -stated affirmatively -can be tested with empirical evidence -consistent with data, testable, specific-carefully identified variable |
|
|
Bad Hypothesis
|
-should not be tautological: statements that essentially mean the same thing
-units of analysis must be specified carefully -includes value statements -direction not clearly specified or is vague -should not be spurious: relationship b/w 2 variables that is predicted by a third, not include, variable |
|
|
Ordinal Measurement
|
classification into set of categories that do have a direction, assumes that a comparison can be made on which observations have more or less of a particular attribute
-can place the items into categories -can rank them -can say more or less but not exactly how much |
|
|
Interval Measurement
|
assigns real numbers to observations and has equal intervals of measurement but has no absolute zero
-has rank and order -no absolute zero -variable can be measured |
|
|
Ratio Measurement
|
assigns real numbers to observations, has equal intervals of measurement, and has an absolute zero point
-best level of measurement -real numbers -have absolute zero |
|
|
Good Hypothesis
|
propositions stated specifically that they can be tested empirically
-usually states a relationship b/w 2 or more things -stated affirmatively -can be tested with empirical evidence -consistent with data, testable, specific-carefully identified variable |
|
|
Bad Hypothesis
|
-should not be tautological: statements that essentially mean the same thing
-units of analysis must be specified carefully -includes value statements -direction not clearly specified or is vague -should not be spurious: relationship b/w 2 variables that is predicted by a third, not include, variable |
|
|
Units of Analysis
|
or "case" is the item (person, city, nation, and so on) for which we have data
|
|
|
Individual v. Aggregate Data
|
(Individual data) is based on single entities rather than collections of entities (aggregate data)
|
|
|
Validity
|
the extent to which an indicator tells u what you want to know about a concept or points to relevant aspects of a concept. (best available approximation to the truth) ….capture all the concepts (whole pizza)
|
