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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Business Intellegence |
Use of information systems to gather and analyze information from internal and external sources in order to make better business decisions |
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Why do organizations use business intellegence? |
To integrate data from disconnected reports, databases and spreadsheets. Integrated data helps monitor and fine-tune business processes. |
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What is the continous planning process? |
Organizations continuously monitor and analyze business processes; the results lead to ongoing adjustments to how the organization is managed and updates to organizational plans. It involves decision makers from all levels |
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What is a database? |
Collections of related data organized in a way that facilitates data searches. Used by organizations for supporting sales transactions, tracking inventory, identifying potential customers for personalized communications |
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What is an entity? |
Something you collect data about, such as people or classes |
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What are advantages of databases? |
- Program-data independence - Minimal data redundancy - Improved data consistency - Improved data sharing - Increased productivity of application development - Enforcement of standards - Increased security - Improved data quality - Improved data accessibility - Reduced program maintenance |
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What are disadvantages of databases? |
- Requirement for new, specialized personnel - Installation and management cost and complexity - conversion costs - Need for explicit backup and recovery - Organizational conflict |
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What is a data model? |
A map or diagram that represents entities and their relationships |
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Define normalization |
A process to make sure the database will operate efficiently. Help to eliminate data duplication. |
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What is a data dictionary? |
A document explaining information for each attribute. Used to enforce business rules |
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What is a query? |
A command for retrieving specified information from a database |
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What are operational systems? |
Systems that are used to interact with customers and run a business in real time |
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Define Online transaction processing |
Immediate automated responses to requests of users. Handles multiple concurrent transactions from customers. Fixed number of inputs per transaction. Receiving user information, processing orders, and generating sales receipts |
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What are information systems? |
Systems designed to support decision making based on stable point-in-time or historical data |
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What is master data? |
Data that is deemed most important in the operation of a business |
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What are data warehouses? |
Integrate multiple databases and other information sources into a single repository, for direct querying, analysis, or processing |
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Define data cleaning |
The process of standardizing the format of data retrieved from different systems and removing inaccurate records |
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What are data marts? |
A data warehouse that is limited in scope. It contains selected information from the data warehouse such that each separate data mart is customized for the decision support applications of a particular end-user group |
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What are the three BI tools? |
- Information and knowledge discovery - Business analytics - Information visualization |
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What are scheduled reports? |
Reports produced at predefined interval to support routine decisions |
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What are drill-down reports? |
Provide greater detail, so as to help analyze why a key indicator Is not at an appropriate level or why an exception occurred |
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What are exception reports? |
Highlight situations that are out of normal range |
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What are key-indicator reports? |
Provide summary of critical information on a recurring schedule |
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What are ad-hoc queries? |
Queries created because of unplanned information needs that are typically not saved for later use. |
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Define analytical processing |
Refers to the process of quickly conducting complex, multidimensional analyses of data stored in a database that is optimized for retrieval, typically using graphical software tools |
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What are OLAP servers? |
Servers that understand how data is organized in the database and has special functions for analyzing the data. |
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Define measures |
Values or numbers to analyze |
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Define dimensions |
grouping data, providing a way to summarize data. Dimensions are organized as hierarchies |
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What is an OLAP cube? |
Data structure allowing for multiple dimensions to be added to a traditional two-dimensional table. Cubes can have many dimensions |
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What is meant with slicing and dicing? |
Analyzing the data on subsets of the dimension |
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What is data mining? |
Provides capabilities for discovering “hidden” predictive relationships in the data |
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What is an association discovery? |
Technique used to find associations or correlations among sets of items. Support and confidence indicate if findings are meaningful |
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What is sequence discovery? |
Technique used to discover associations over time. |
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Define clustering |
The process of grouping related records together on the basis of having similar values for attributes |
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Define classification |
Used when the groups are known beforehand, and records are segmented into these classes. Often using a decision tree |
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Define text mining |
Use of analytical techniques for extracting information from textual documents |
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Define web content mining |
Extracting textual information from Web documents. Web crawler searches sites and documents |
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What are some benefits of text mining? |
-Marketing - Operations - Strategic decisions - Sales - HR |
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What is web usage mining? |
Used by organization such as amazon.com to determine patterns in customers’ usage data, such as how users navigate through the site or how much time they spend of different pages. |
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Define clickstream data |
Recording of the users’ path through a Web site. |
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Define stickiness |
Web page’s ability to attract and keep visitors. |
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What is the role of business analytics? |
Predict future outcomes. Augments business intelligence by using predictive analysis to help identify trends or predict business outcome |
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What is the decision support system? |
Support human unstructured decision making. DSS is a special purpose information system designed to support organizational decision making related to a particular recurring problem |
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Define artificial intelligence |
The science of enabling information technologies to simulate human intelligence, such as reasoning and learning, as well as gaining sensing capabilities as seeing, hearing, walking, talking and feeling |
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What are intellegent systems? |
Systems comprised of sensors, software, and computers embedded in machines and devices – emulate and enhance human capabilities |
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What are expert systems? |
Type of intelligent system that uses reasoning methods based on knowledge about a specific problem domain in order to provide advice, much like a human expert. Manipulate knowledge rather than information |
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Define fuzzy logic |
Broaden capabilities of ES and other intelligent systems by representing the rules using approximations or subjective values in order to handle situation where information about a problem is incomplete |
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Define inferencing |
Processing in an ES. Matching of user questions and answers to information in the knowledge base |
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What are some characteristics of an ES |
- Inputs Request for help, answers to question - Processing Pattern matching and inferencing - Outputs Recommendation or advice - Typical users Midlevel managers |
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Define knowledge management |
The processes an organization uses to gain the greatest value from its knowledge assets |
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What are knowledge assets? |
All the underlying skills routines, practices, principles, formulas, methods, heuristics and intuitions, whether explicit or tacit |
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What are explicit knowledge assets? |
Assets thatt reflect knowledge that can be documented, archived, and codified, often with the help of information systems. |
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What are tacit knowledge assets? |
Assets that reflect the processes and procedures that are located in a person’s mind on how to effectively perform a particular task |
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What is a knowledge management system? |
Collection of technology based tools that include communications technologies as well as information storage and retrieval systems to enable the generation, storage, sharing and management of tacit and explicit knowledge assets. |
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What are some benefits of the knowledge management systems? |
- Enhanced innovation and creativity - Improved customer service, shorter - Forgetting the Goal - Improved organizational performance - Enhanced employee retention |
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What are some challenges of the knowledge management systems? |
- Getting employee buy-in - Focusing too much on technology product dev, and streamlined operations - obsolescence - Dealing with knowledge overload |
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What is a social network analysis? |
Technique that attempts to find groups of people who work together, to find people who don’t collaborate but should, or to find experts in particular subject areas |
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What are knowledge portals? |
Way to share organizations knowledge (in repository) with the employees (Intranet), customers, suppliers (Extranet), or general public |
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Define visualization |
Refers to the display of complex data relationships using a variety of graphical methods, enabling managers to quickly grasp the results of the analysis |
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What are digital dashboards? |
Used to present key performance indicators and other summary information used by managers and executives to make decisions. |
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Define hard data |
facts and numbers, generated by organizational databases and other systems |
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Define soft data |
Nonanalytical information |
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What are visual analytics? |
The combination of various analysis techniques and interactive visualization to solve complex problems |
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What are geographic information systems? |
A system for creating, storing, analyzing, and managing geographically referenced information |
