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139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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mesopotamia
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land between the rivers
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uh
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palestine
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where the jews lives
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..
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sumeria
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developed cuneiform
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sumErIa
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monotheistic
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belief in one God
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mono- one
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polytheistic
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belief in many gods
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poly= many
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cuneiform
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writing system with many characters
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pictographic
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writing based on pictures
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picto..
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ideographic
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writing based on ideas
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ideo sounds like..?
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phonetic
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wrining based on sounds
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PHONEtic
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mesoamerica
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between the americas
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mesolithic
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middle stone age
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paleolithic
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old stone age
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neolithic
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new stone age
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phoenicians
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developed phonic alphabet
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homogeneous
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inherently the same
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heterogeneous
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inherently different
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cultural diffusion
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the spread of ideas and ways of life from different cultures
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negatives that arrived with civilization
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prejiduce, fighting, inequalities betwween men and women, dependence
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advantages enjoyed by the species Homo Sapien Sapien
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awareness of death,complex brains,opposable thumbs
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earliest centers of civilizations
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mesopotamia, egypt, china, india
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Qin dynasty
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221-202bce not well liked, made the official language
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Han dynasty
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202 BCE -220 CE government strengthened
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Shang dynasty
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dynasty before the Zhou dynasty, some think it is a myth
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Zhou dynasty
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1029-258 BCE expanded borders but not powerful
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bureaucracy
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broad government structure with many roles
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legalism
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harsh way of life, legalists belived that humans were bad, forced discipline
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confucianism
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confucious taught respect for superiors
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daoism
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more spiritual
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mauryan dynasty
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no lasting legacy 322-252 BCE
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Gupta dynasty
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stable but invaded by Huns 319-535 BCE
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Wu Ti
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Han emperor 141-87BC most remembered for expanding territory and the Confucian state he organized
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Shih Huangdi
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emperor of china, built great wall of china 247-221 BC. Qin dynasty
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Ashoka
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spread Buddhism and India's boundries
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Chandra Gupta
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no real contribution
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Chandragupta
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ruled from 320-293 BCE, Ashoka's grandfather
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Brahmin
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highest educated class
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Kshatriya
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warriors
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Vaishya
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middle class: merchants, trader, small businesses
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Shudra
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lowest class, bad jobs
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caste
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social grouping
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Dynaastic Cycle
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rise and fall of dynasties
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Mandate of Heaven
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belief of right to govern by gods(rebellion,chaos,new gov,prosperity,greed,disasters)
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hinduism
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indian religion poly and momnotheistioc, supreme god is Brahman
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buddhism
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indian religion,non-theistic religion,philisophical, follow
Buddha |
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moksha
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liberation from karma (hinduism and buddhism)
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nirvana
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final state of eternal bliss (buddhism)
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dukkha
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suffering (buddhism)
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dharma
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practice of religious life (hinduism and buddhism)
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tanha
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craving(buddhism)
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bodhisattva
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"buddha to be" modern day, Buddha's assistant
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themes that dominated the development of the classical civilizations
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expansion and intergration
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nature and relattionship of yin and yang
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yin: weak yhang: strong
cannot have one without the other, they exixt on harmony |
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minoans
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non-military, strong navy, tolerant military
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mycenaeans
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bronze weapons, militaristic government, agricultural
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Thebes
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in Thessely, third most powerful poleis
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Athens
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powerful democratic poleis in Thessely
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Sparta
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military based poleis in the Greek pelopenese
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Cleisthenes
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tried to weaken traditional regions by making *10 tribes
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Solon
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improved industry even though he didn't redistribute land
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Arete
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means striving for excellence
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Hoplite
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armed infantryman, had shield and spear
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Phalanx
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rectangular fighting arrangement avg 8 deep
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Zeno
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taught stoicism could find happiness by lving in harmony with God
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Epicurus
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founded Epicureanism, believed the universe ran on its own and its goal was happiness
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Plato
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philosopher, thought philosopher kings should rule
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Alexander
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invaded Perisa, controlled Syria, Paletine and Eqypt
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Philip
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wanted to invade Persia, but died, he united the Greek world
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Socrates
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taught philosophy sentenced to death for corrupting youth of Athens
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Aristotle
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said that monarchy, aristocracy, and constitutional government were good, but could become bad
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Euclid
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mathematician
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Sophacles
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three actors, no chorus in his plays. 7/123 plays are still around
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Aristphones
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used grotesque masks, obscene jokes in comedies
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Thucydides
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greatest ancient historian, wrote hitory of pelopenesian war, 2 sources for facts
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Hellecnic
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Greek
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Hellenistic
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like Greek
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Archimedes
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scientist, geometry, inventor, specific gravity, pi
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Ptolemy
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a Greek mathematician, geographer, astronomer, and astrologer who lived in the Hellenistic culture of Roman Egypt. He may have been a Hellenized Egyptian
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Monarchical gov
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kings
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democratic gov
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election
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periods in ancient Greek history
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bronze age
archaic age classical age hellenistic age |
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ethnic groups that came together to create the ancient Greeks
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aeolians
dorians ionians |
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regions of ancient Greece
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Thessely
Attica Boetcia Macedonia Peloponese |
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latins
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influenced rome, language etc, originally here
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Etrscans
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came from North, brought urbanization
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patricians
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upper class, descented from originalsenators
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plebiana
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common people
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Nobiles
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select groups of wealthyu, powerful families, oligarchy influenced senaste
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optimates
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'thre best men' conytrolled senate, wanted oligarchy
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populares
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'fawning the people' used assemblies to break optimate's rule
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Hannibal
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used elephants to fight Rome in the second Punic war
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Scipio
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famous general, defeated Hannibal
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Lepidus
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eneral, friends with Antony, part of the 2nd triumvate
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Augustus
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part of 2nd triumvate, crushed armied becamme princeps
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Antonius
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part of 22nd triumvate, fled to Egypt after Augustus crushed his army
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Caesar
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in 1st triumvate and became in cahrge, dicator for life,murdered in ides of march
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pompey
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in 1st triumvate, cinquered many territoies, lost war to Caesar
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Crassus
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in 1st triumvate, died, got money by burniuing buildings
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Gracchus
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believed Rokme's problems came from thw decline of the small farmer. he had plecians pass land reform bill
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marius
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seized Rome, left
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Sulla
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seized Rome, left the idea to use an army to conquer
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Horace
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poet
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Virgil
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distinguished epic poet
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Livy
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historian, well known
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cicero
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greatest orator
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mithras
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agent of the god of light. cult. mithraism
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Joshua
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aka Jesus- preached about heaven and God, renounced Judism, Chritianity
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paul
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had a vision; taught that Jesus is the son of God,original sin, opened Chritianity to EVERYONE. had many opponents
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James
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Jesus' brother, opposed paul
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peter
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paul's opponent
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constantine
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Roman emperor, most remembered for the Edict of Milan, which made it legal to be a Christian
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Theodosius
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Roman emperor from 379 to death. He reunited the eastern and western portions of the empire, last emperor of both the eastern and western Roman empire. made chritianity the official state religion
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Diocletian
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roman emperor 284-305 brought an end to the "crisis of the 3rd century". his reforms changed the structure of imperial gov and helped stabilize the empire economically and militarily for 100yr
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Tacitus
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important historian of roman antiquity
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Jerome
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best known as the translator of the bible
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essenes
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followers of a religious way of living in Judaism
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pharisees
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a political party, a social movement, and a school of thought among Jews
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zealots
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one who is zealous on the behalf of God
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sadducees
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political party; rivals were the pharisees, priestly group
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visisgoths
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east germanic tribe. they disturbed the late Roman Empire
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ostrogoths
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germanic tribe that influenced political events in the late Roman Empire
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Vandals
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east germanic tribe that entered the late roman empire during the 5th century
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Huns
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confederation of central asian equestrian nomads with a Turkish speaking aristocracy. famous leader was Attila
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Allah
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one and only God of Islam.
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Muhammad
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last of Allah/God's prophets
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Ali
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was selected to be Umar's successor when
uthman died. early islamic leader and 4th caliph. cousin of Muhammad. |
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caliph
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Muhammad's successors were called caliphs.
"commander of the faithful" |
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arabesque
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elaborate application of repeating geometric forms that often echo forms of plants and animals. often found in mosques.
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shi'ite
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elieved they remain loyal to the teachings of Muhammad, the Sunnis beleive the opposite.
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sunni
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people of the tradition of muhammad. started with Abu Bakr
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Sufi
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believe in divine love and to help the fellow man. beliefs and practices dedicated to Allah
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Fatmids
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a sect from the Shi'ites who believes that Ali & Fatima were the rightful caliphs both by descent and divine right
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Seljuks
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turks. Muslim dynasty that ruled parts of Central Asia and the middle eat from the 11th-14th centuries. set up the "great seljuk empire"
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sultan
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title of Muslim rulers who had full sovereignty
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shar'ia
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a law code drawn up by the Ulama to provide Muslims with a set ofprescriptions to regulate their daly lives
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Qur'an
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holy guidebook, sacred book of Islam
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Mecca
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where Muh. lived and recieved visions from Allah
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Medina
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Muh. went there to try and convert the Jewish community to his beliefs
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Hegira
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1st date of the Islamic calender. flight from Mecca to
Yathrib by Muh.& his followers |
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Ulama
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interpret the schools of thought
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