Info Chapter 5

Front 1

MIS infrastructure

Back 1

includes the plans for how a firm will build, deploy, use, and share its data, processes, and MIS assets. Can increase reduce costs, improve productivity, optimize business operations, generate growth, and increase profitability.

Front 2

hardware

Back 2

consists of the physical devices associated with a computer system.

Front 3

software

Back 3

is the set of instructions the hardware executes to carry out specific tasks.

Front 4

network

Back 4

a communications system created by linking two or more devices and establishing a standard mehtodology i which they can communicate. Most companies use client or server networks.

Front 5

Client network

Back 5

is a ocmputer designed to request information from a server.

Front 6

Server network

Back 6

is a computer dedicated to providing information in response to requests.

Front 7

example of server client network

Back 7

Web browser (client) access to website (server)

Front 8

enterprise architect

Back 8

is a person grounded in technology, fluent in business, and able to provide the important bridge between MIS and the business. Firms hire enterprise architects to help manage change and dynamically update MIS infrasructure.

Front 9

3 primary areas where enterprise architecs focus when maintaining MIS infrastructure:

Back 9

1. Information MIS infrastructure
2. Agile MIS infrastructure
3. Sustainable MIS infrastructure

Front 10

Information MIS infrastructure

Back 10

identifies where and how important information is maintained and secured. Supports day to day business operations and plans for emergencies such as power outages, floods, earthquakes, malicious attacks over the internet, theft, etc.

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To support business operations, an information infrastructure provides three primary elements:

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-Backup and recovery plan
- Disaster recovery plan
- Business continuity plan

Front 12

backup

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is an exact copy of a system's information

Front 13

recovery

Back 13

the ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or failure that includes restoring the information backup.

Front 14

differences between the many types of backup and recovery

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speed and cost

Front 15

Fault tolerance

Back 15

is the ability for a system to respond to unexpected failures or system crashes as the backup system immediately and automatically takes over with no loss of service.

Front 16

Failover

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a specific type of fault tolerance, occurs when a redundant storage server offers an exact replica of the real-time data, and if the primary server crashes, the users are automatically directed to the secondary server. High speed/high cost method of back up/recovery.

Front 17

Failback

Back 17

occurs when the primary machine recovers and resumes operations, taking over from the secondary server.

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its good business practice to back up at least

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once a week

Front 19

Disaster Recovery Plan

Back 19

a detailed process for recovering information or a system in the event of a catastrophic disaster.

Front 20

Disasters can have the following effects on companies and their business operations:

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-disrupting communications
-damaging physical infrastructures
-halting transportation
-blocking utilities

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hot site

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is a separate and fully equipped facility where the company can move immediately after a disaster and resume business

Front 22

cold spot

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a separate facility that does not have any computer equipment but is a place where employees can move after a disaster.

Front 23

warm site

Back 23

a separeate facility with computer equipment that requires installation and configuration.

Front 24

disaster recovery cost curve

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supports a disaster recovery plan. Charts (1) the cost to the company of the unavailabiltiy of information & technology (2) the cost to the company of recovering from a disaster over time.

Front 25

business continuity planning

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details how a company recovers and restores critical business operations and systems after a disaster or extended disruption. Includes such factors such as identifying critical systems, business processes, departments, and the maximum amount of time thebusiness can continue to operate without functioning systems.

Front 26

emergency notification service

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an infrastructure built for notifying people in the event of an emergency. Ex: Radio stations' occasional tests of national emergency alert systems. (large scale).

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emergency notification services can be deployed through:

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- the firms own infrastructure
-supplied by an outside
service provider on company premises
-hosted romotely by an outside service provider

Front 28

Agile MIS infrastructure

Back 28

includes the hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment that, when combined, provides the underlying foundation to support the organizations goals. If company grows by 50% in a year its infrastructure, and systems must be able to handle a 50% growth rate.

Front 29

Agile MIS infrastructure characteristics:

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7 characteristics

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1. Accessibility

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varying levels allow system users to access, view, or perform operational functions.

Front 31

2. Availability

Back 31

refers to the time frames when a system is operational.

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unavailable

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when a system is not operating and cannot be used

Front 33

high availability

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occurs when a system is continuously operational at all times.

Front 34

"five 9's"

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99.999 percent availabiltiy. Difficult to achieve standard of availability.

Front 35

Maintainability (flexibility)

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how quickly a system can transform to support environmental changes. Ex: when a company grows or operates overseas..is the system adapted to carry out that sort of business?

Front 36

Building and deploying flexible systems allow:

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easy updates, changes, and reconfigureations for unexpected busness or environmental changes.

Front 37

4. Portability

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refers to the ability of an application to operate on different devices or software platforms, such as different operating systems. Ex: apple's itunes readily available to Mac and PC users, smartphones, ipods, etc.

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5. Reliability (accuracy)

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ensures a system is functioning correctly and providing accurate information.

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6. Scalability

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describes how well a system can scale up, or adapt to te increased demands of growth. Growth can occur in a number of different forms (new customers, new product lines, or new markets).

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Performance

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measures how quickly a system performs a process or transaction. Key component of scalability as systems that can't scale suffer from performance issues.

Front 41

Capacity planning

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determines future environmental infrastructure requirements to ensure high-quality system performance. Planning for increases in capacity can ensure systems perform as expected

Front 42

7. Usability

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Degree to which a system is easy to learn and efficient and satisfying to use. Tips, shortcuts, hints, and instructions for any user.

Front 43

Moore's Law

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refers to the computer chip performance per dollar doubles every 18 months.

Front 44

Sustainable (green) MIS

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describes the production, management, use, and disposal of technology in a way that minimizes damage to the envrionment.

Front 45

corporate social responsibility

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companies acknowledged responsibility to society. Sustainable MIS infrastructures is a core initiative and critical success factor for socially responsible companies.

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3 primary side effects of business expanded use of technology

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-Incresed electronic waste
-Increased energy consumption
- increased carbon emissions

Front 47

Ewaste

Back 47

refers to discarded, obsolete, or broken electronic devises. Includes CDs DVDs, thumb drives, cells, ipods, etc.

Front 48

Sustainable MIS disposal

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refers to the safe disposal of MIS assets at the end of their life cycle

Front 49

True or False: Many companies/schools can afford recyling costs

Back 49

False

Front 50

components of Sustainable MIS infrastructure include:

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- grid computing
-cloud computing
-virtualized computing

Front 51

Grid computing

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a collection of computers, often georgraphically dispersed, that are coordinated to solve a common problem. Problem is broken into pieces and distributed across many machines, allowing faster processing than could occur with a single system. Ex: Shrek (Dreamworks productions)

Front 52

smart grid

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delivers electricity using two way digital technology. Meant to solve problem of outdated electrical grid, makiing it more efficient and reliable by adding the ability to remotely monitor, analyze, and control the transmission.

Front 53

Cloud computing

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refers to the use of resources and applications hosted remotely on the internet. Image of cloud represents the Internet or some large networked environment. Cloud appears as personal application, device. It stores your info in the cloud so it isn't saved into your hard drive. Ex: Facebook

Front 54

utility computing

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offers a pay per use revenue model similar to a metered service such as gas or electricity.

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Cloud computing benefits:

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-decreased maintenance issues
-decreased labor costs
-increased computing power
-increased performance
-increased info security
- incrased software updates
- increased storage capacity

Front 56

Cloud computing challenges

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-limited features
-internet connection required
- security can be questionable

Front 57

examples of cloud computing:

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-Microsoft HealthVault(medical record storage)
-Microsoft Hotmail (web-based email)
-Mozy (online comp. backup services)
-You send it(file transfer services)
-Zoho office (word processor)

Front 58

infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

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is a service that delivers hardware networking capabilities, including the use of servers, networking, and stoage over the cloud using a pay per use revenue model. Customer rents the hardware and provides its own custom application or programs

Front 59

dynamic scaling

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means the MIS infrastructure can be automatically scaled up or down based on needed requirements.

Front 60

Example of Infrastructure as service

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Amazon Elastic compute cloud, aka Amazon EC2.
Elastic because customers can create, run, and stop services as needed.

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Software as Service (SaaS)

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delivers applications over the cloud using a payper use revenue model. Cost savings advantage.

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Example of Software as Service :

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salesforce.com

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Platform as a service PaaS

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supports the deployment of entire systems including hardware, networking, and applications using a pay per use revenue model. Perfect solution for a business as it passes on to the srvice provider the headache and challenges of buying, managing, maintaining web development software.

Front 64

Ex of PaaS

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Google's App Engine, builds and deploys Web applications for a company. Easy to build, maintain, and scale as a company's web-based application needs grow.

Front 65

Virtualization

Back 65

creates multiple virtual machines on a single computing device. Through the use of virtualization , computers can run multiple operating systems along with multiple software applications at the same time.

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Virtualization is essentially a form of consolidation that can benefit sustainable MIS infrastructures in a variety of ways:

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-by increasing availability of apps that can give a higher level of performance depending on hardware.
- by increasing energy efficiency by requireing less hardware to run multiple systems or applications
-by increasing hardware usability by running multiple operating systems on a single computer

Front 67

True/False: Virtualization is one of the easiest and quickest ways to achieve a sustainable MIS infrastructure because it reduces power consumption and requires less equipment that needs to be manufactured, maintained, and later disposed of safely.

Back 67

true

Front 68

data center (server farms)

Back 68

is a facility used to house management information systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems. Consume power and require cooling and floor space while working to support business growth without disrupting normal business operations/quality of service.