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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what type of genome does influenza have ? |
segmented (8), -ive sense S.S RNA |
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Heamagluttinin (HA) transmembrane protein - |
involved in binding to host & fusion (acidic) for viral entry |
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Neurominidase (NA) - |
Integral membrane protein - cleaves sailic acid (on cilliated epithelia) involved in viral budding and release |
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M1 does what ? |
Is a matrix protein |
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M2 does what ? |
ion channel (influenza A only) |
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PB2 - |
recognises host mRNA |
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PB1 - |
Addition of nucletides |
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PA - |
transcriptase complex |
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NP - |
Nucleocapsid |
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M - |
M1 & M2 |
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NS - 1 & 2 |
non structural proteins (multi functional, infected cell proteins (+NS2, NEP protein) |
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During viral attachment : stage1) ... what attaches to sialic acid (cilliated epithelia) |
H1 portion of H0 |
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During viral attachment : stage 2) ... Host extracellular trypsin protease cleaves ? |
H0 --> H1 and H2 |
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During viral attachment : stage 3) ... then what is created? |
Endosome is created |
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During viral attachment : stage 4 ) ... infleunces sense what kind of enviorment in endosome and what happens? |
Acidic environment H2 --> fusion pore |
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During viral attachment : stage 5) ... upon the confirmational change in H2 what happens |
Viral genetic info --> cell as influences destroys endosome |
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Seasonal influenza. 1) host extracellular trypsin protease cleaves.. |
H0 - H1 + H2 |
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Pandemic influenza 1) HA contains extra .. |
cleavage site |
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Pandemic influenza 2) H0 is cleaved to |
H1 and H2 |
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Seasonal influenza. 3) essesntial host proteases are found in the .. |
lungs |
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Seasonal influenza. 4) Typsin protease found in lungs esnures.. |
tissue specificity (restrciting infection) |
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Pandemic influenza 3) Host cellular proteases cleave in |
trans golgi aparatus |
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Pandemic influenza 4) because host proteases cleave in trans golgi aparatus then can.. |
infect numerous cells (no tissue specificity) |
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Pandemic influenza 5) systemic infections are |
very dangerous |
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Overview 1) replication occurs in the |
nucleus |
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Overview 2) Viral Pb2 is a .......... and binds at the 5' end of ....... |
primer host mRNA |
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Overview 3) ....... and ....... begin replication of each RNA segment |
PB1 PA |
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Overview 4) Viral mRNA move to ........ and is translated |
cytosplasm |
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Overview 5) ......., ........, ....... move to golgi aparatus, before assembling at the .......... |
HA, NA, M2 host cell membrane |
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Overview ... copy of each ..... RNA segements, are packaged in to ..... virion |
1, 8, 1 |
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Overview HA & NA undergo binding ---> ......................... |
then virus buds out of membrane. |
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Epidemics - seasonal ...... outbreaks spreads quickly because... viral in fections is .... , infection period begins ......., ........ and talking - 100k - 1mil ........ virus can ..... , leading to no ......... ............ |
winter symptoms 1-4 days P.I fast sneezing, coughing infectious particles change, immune protection (B & T memory) |
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Historical Pandemics - entire country or the world spanish flu - H?N? |
H1N1 - same as swine flu |
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Historical Pandemics - entire country or the world Asain flu - H?N? |
H2N2 |
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Historical Pandemics - entire country or the world Honk Kong flu - H?N? |
H3N2 |
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Historical Pandemics - entire country or the world Swine Flu - H?N? |
Same as spanish flu H1N1 |
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Viral evolution 1) RNA dependant RNA polymerase lack .... |
viral evolution Proof reading |
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Viral evolution RDRP with no proof reading ----> ......... ............ & new ......... (quazispecies) |
viral evolution genetic mutations and genotypes |
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viral evolution Influenza has threeRNA polymerases .... that ......... together as a ......., (with .......... ...... ......) |
viral evolution PB1,PB2 and PA function , complex high error rates |
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viral evolution ........ & .......... (randomly) 8 RNA seqments into one virion |
viral evolution Shuffle and mix |
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HA & NA ........ 2-3 amino acids ........ .......... thus selecting ? |
mutate, every year new virions to Evade Immune responses |
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Influenza A can infect ? |
Infect human and animal |
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Influenza B can infect |
Humans (seasonal outbreaks) |
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Influenza C can causes ? |
mild respiratory infection , no vaccine |
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Antigenic Drift Slightchanges in the sequence of ....... & ....... proteins on viral surface |
HA and NA |
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Antigenic Drift ........ cannot identify viral epitopedue to different sequence |
Antibodies |
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Antigenic Drift Natural viral evolution during seasonaloutbreaks – (responsible for) |
1) Multipleinfluenza infections challenge immune system 2) Reason for vaccine 3 Affects both InfluenzaA and B viruses |
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Antigenic Shift Affects ............ ... virusesonly |
Influenza A |
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Antigenic Shift Responsible for......... |
pandemics |
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Antigenic Shift no previous .............. |
immunity |
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Antigenic Shift fast .............. and .............. leads to large scale infection |
replication, infectivity |
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Antigenic Shift Needs more than .... type of Influenza in..... animal to develop new strain |
one, one |
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Antigenic Shift ............ may carry the virus but are ............. |
Animals , asymptomatic |
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Antigenic Shift stages 1) three different influenza viruses |
Antigenic Shift stages using animal as reservoir e.g. : one pig, all three strains |
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Antigenic Shift stages 2) ....... ........ ........ infected again |
Antigenic Shift stages The same animal (pig) |
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Antigenic Shift stages 3) Animal (Pig) is morphologically ........ to ......... and dominant ....... adapts to ........ ........... |
Antigenic Shift stages similar , human virus, new host (shared habitat! - e.g. poultry market or farm!) |
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Antigenic Shift stages 4) ........ infected with ...... strain of influenza |
Antigenic Shift stages 4)Humans, new (adapted) |
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The flu Vaccine. viruses need ........... host to ........ and need this to make ...... (in ......) |
living , replicate vaccine (eggs) |
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The flu vaccine. WHO - flu surveillance - produce new ....... vaccine inclusive of three ............. viruses (... x 2 & ... x 1) |
Annual, innactivated (A, B) |
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The flu vaccine. given to ......, ......., ........, ......... & ........... |
old, young, asthmatics, pregnant women and Physicians |
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Rapid onset of symptoms including : |
fever, aching muscles, coughing & sneezing, fatigue |
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complications : |
Secondary chest infections pneumonia more likely in young, old, immunocompromised |
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what family is flu from |
orthomyxoviridae |
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transmission is - |
airborne : coughing sneezing , etc |
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How many different types of HA, does influenza A have? |
16 (each with about 20% a.a difference) |
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How many different types of NA, does influenza A have? |
9 (each with about 20% a.a difference) |
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Future vaccine development development of universal inflluenza vaccine - |
targets less variable antigens such as M2 or less variable parts of HA, such as stalk |
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Future vaccine development development of polypeptide or DNA based vaccine, instead of inactivated virus, why? alternatively use ..... ....... in ........., instead of eggs |
cheaper, easy mass production & pandemic repsonse cell lines , bioreactors |
