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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 classifications of influenza
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A, B, C
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influenza is what type of virus
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ss RNA
helical enveloped |
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influenza has how many segments
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8
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what is required for influenza replication
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functional nucleus
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protein responsible for attaching to cell
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hemagglutinin HA
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function of HA
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absorption to cell
membrane fusion |
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target for antibody neutralization
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HA
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significance of RBC agglutination ability of HA
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diagnostic
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undergoes antigenic variation
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HA
neuraminidase |
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function of NA
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solubilizes mucous
cell receptor facilitates new virion budding |
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target for prevention/vaccine
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HA
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target for antiviral therapy
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NA
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immune response to what viral proteins is responsible for viral clearance
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HA and NA
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how many different HA variants are there
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16
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how many different NA variants are there
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9
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most common current human strains
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H3N2
H1N1 (2 types) |
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different H and N combinations present in human flu
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H1,2,3
N1,2 (also H5N1) |
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influenza with the highest mortality rate
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H5N1
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protein responsible for typing influenza into groups A, B, and C
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S-Ag (soluble antigen or RNP)
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the flu starts as a ___ infection then spreads to ___
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URT
LRT |
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flu causes extensive damage to what cells of the respiratory tract
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ciliated respiratory epithelium
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pathogenesis of secondary bacterial infection in flu
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damage to cilitated epithelium
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systemic sx seen in flu are the result of what
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inflammation
interferons cytokine release |
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flu type that causes worldwide epidemics
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type A
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type of flu that causes rare individual instances of human disease
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type C
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major complications of flu
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primary influenza pneumonia
secondary bacterial pneumonia |
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accounts for most fatalities seen in flu
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secondary bacterial pneumonia
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classic dx test for flu that is not performed anymore
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hemagglutination-inhibition test
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clinical dx of flu
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rapid dx test
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antigenic drift
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small changes in HA and or NA due to point mutations
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antigenic shift
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major changes in most all antigenic determinants of HA or NA
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two causes of antigenic shift
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intragenomic or intergenomic recombination
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intragenomic recombination
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single segment crossover
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intergenomic recombination
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two viruses infect one cell and packaging error switched genome from one to the other
(same segment exchange) |
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current influenza viruses present in population
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H3N2
H1N1 H1N1 swine |
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mortality of swine flu
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low
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highest incidence of flu occurs in what population
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5 - 14 yo
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flu is spread by what
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respiratory droplets
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Ig subtype that is most important in recovery from flu
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IgA
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length of immunity to flu after exposure
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2-4 years
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type of vaccines used today
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killed/HA subunit vaccine to circulating strains
live attenuated aimed at children |
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flu vaccine is approved for what ages
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>1 yo
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current vaccine in research
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M2 ion channel vaccine
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amantadine/rimantadine
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preventative drugs against M2 ion channel
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amantadine/rimantadine are effective against what group of flu
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type A
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amantadine/rimantadine are not effective against what type of flu
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H1N1
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Zanamivir is administered how
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inhalation
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Oseltamivir is administered how
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orally
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zanamivir/oseltamivir MOA
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inhibit NA
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IV NA inhibitor
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peramivir
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NA inhibitor approved as alternative preventative to vaccine
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oseltamavir
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