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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 factors effecting resistance to social influence |
1) Social support 2) Locus of control |
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How does social support impact resistance to conformity |
Point - It is reduced if there are other people in the group who are not conforming Evidence - In Asch's study (1955) the participant conformed less when there was a dissenter as they acted as a model - Once the dissenter peer returns to conforming so will the naive participant |
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How does social support impact resistance to obedience? ( 3 marks) |
Point - Pressure to obey is reduced if another person is seen disobeying Evidence - In Milgrams research independent behaviour made obedience drop from 65%- 10% Explain - The disobedient confederate frees the participant to act from their own conscience Link - HOwever, not permanent |
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How does locus of control influence resistance to social influence? ( 4 marks) |
- Define LOC and the two types including J Rotter 1966 who defined the two types - People with internal LOC are more likely to resist pressure to conform or obey because they rely on themselves to collect information and don't rely on others as much as those with external - High internal LOC are more likely to be high achievers and independent |
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One strength for how social support influences resistance of social influence |
Point - Research support by Holland E - He repeated Milgrams research n tested if Ps were ILOC or ELOC. Found that 37% of internals didnt obey whereas, 27% of externals did. E - This shows high validity concerning LOC and its research allowing the findings to be generalised to the wider population L - However,not all research supports LOC such as Twenge who found that there was not a link in the way society has developed and locus of control |
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One limitation for how social support influences resistance of social influence |
Point - The role of LOC may be exaggerated E - Rotter et al found that LOC is only important in new situations and had little influence over already familiar situations E - This is a limitation because it means that LOC can only be applied to a narrow range of settings so is not generalisation |
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Define what minority influence is |
When a small group or individual change the views/behaviours of the majority by making them question their beliefs Causes internalisation |
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Who studies minority influence? |
Moscovici 1969 |
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What were the aims of Moscovici's study? |
To investigate the effectiveness of minority influence compared to majority influence and how consistency affected influence |
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What was the procedure of Moscovici's study? |
- Groups of 6 2 confederates 4 NP - Shown 30 slides and asked to identify the colour green or blue - 2 conditions - Inconsistent (24/36) and consistent (36/36) |
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What were Moscovici's findings? |
- Consistent group - 8% conformed with the confederates - Inconsistent group - 1.25% conformed with the confederates |
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What were Moscovici's conclusions? |
- Consistency is the most important factor for social change to occur by minority influence - Minority influence is less effective than majority influence as seen by 37% conforming in Asch's study whereas only 8% conformed in Moscovici's study |
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What are the three factors that influence minority influence? |
1) Flexibility (Nemeth) 2) Consistency (Moscovici) 3) Commitment |
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Who investigated flexibility for social change and what did they find? |
Nemeth argued that too much consistency can cause an argument to appear too rigid and off putting Therefore, a group so adapt their point of view and accept counter arguments |
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What is the importance of commitment for social change? |
There must be some risk to the minority group in order to show commitment and for the majority to pay more attention AUGMENTATION PRINCIPLE and example is the Suffragettes who staved themselves and chained themselves up to gain attention as the minority group |
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How does demographics influence minority social change |
- If the demographics of the minority are the same as the majority e.g gender, race, age or class it is harder to resist the influence - An example is the black civil rights movement when the whites started joining it was harder for other whites to resist it |
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How do the minority create social change 6 points |
1) Drawing attention to the need for change eg MLK 2) Cognitive conflict 3) Consistency of position e,g still standing for civil rights in the face of violent repression 4) Augmentation Principle e,g lynching + arrests 5) Snowball affect e,g MLKs assassination 6) Social cryptoamnesia |
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What is social normative interventions |
1) Perceive social misinterpretation eg peers drinking habits with driving 2) Correct the misinterpretations in order to change the view eg the Montana drink driving campaign. |
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What study shows limitations to social norms approach? |
DeJong |
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What were DeJongs aims and procedures? |
- He aimed to tees the effects of using social norms thorough marketing campaigns to reduce drinking in 14 colleges - Conducted interviews at the beginning of the study and then again after 3 year |
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What were the findings and conclusions of DeJongs study |
- He found that there was no change in perceptions of drinking despise challenging social norms - Therefore, he concluded that challenging social norms was not as affective as it previously appeared |
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What are two AO3 evaluations of social change |
Gradual change - happens more gradually e.g trans issues are still relevant today even though the first sex reassignment surgery was done in 1930 Deviant minority - Social change can be limited if the minority is perceived as deviant e.g homosexuality |
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What is learnt from obedience research about social change? |
- A disobedient model - makes change more likely which is seen in Milgram's study when the confederate refuses to give the shock - Gradual commitment leads to a 'drift' - once people obeyed a small command in Zimbardo's research they found it harder to resist bigger commands |
