S/s Inflammation Infection

Front 1

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS of INFLAMMATION

Back 1

Local response:

1. Redness, heat, swelling, pain, immobility.

Systemic response:

1. Fever, leukocytosis, shift to L, malaise.

2. Listless, flushed, change in LOC with elderly.

3. Tachycardia

Front 2

DIAGNOSTICS

Back 2

1. ESR

2. WBC

3. Culture & Sensitivity

Front 3

ESR - Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Nursing diagnosis: activity intolerance.

Back 3

1. Nonspecific.

2. Used for inflammatory process.

3. Measures rate of that RBCs settle out in mixed blood. If the RBC is heavier from fibrin, it drops faster, higher lab value.

Front 4

WBC count

Back 4

4,500 - 11,000 mm3 - normal

10000 - 20000 mm3 - slightly elevated

20000 - 40000 mm3 moderately elevated

> 40000 mm3 greatly elevated

Front 5

WBC count: Differential = 100%

Back 5

Neutrophils 45 - 75%

Bands or Stabs 0 - 5%

Lymphocytes 16 - 46%

Monocytes 4 - 11%

Eosinophils 0 - 8%

Basophils 0-3%

Front 6

Neutrophils Increase Segs - Bands

Back 6

1. Infection, inflammation or tissue damage.

2. Physiologic stress.

3. Rheumatoid arthritis, pregnancy.

4. Glucocorticoids, digitalis, sulfonamides

Front 7

Neutrophils Decrease Segs - Bands

Back 7

1. Infections, severe sepsis, hepatitis A.

2. Mononucleosis, autoimmune disorders.

3. Bone morrow suppression.

4. Starvation.

5. Antimicrobials, NSAIDS, chemo.

6. Cimetidine, diuretics, Alluprinol

Front 8

Culture & Sensitivity

Back 8

1. Blood

2. Sputum

3. Urine

4. Wound

Front 9

Nutrition Affects on the Immune System

Back 9

Skin - loses density & wound healing is slow.

T - lymphocytes are depressed - less antibodies

Front 10

Nutrition for Infection

Back 10

Diet; protein, CHO & vitamins, moderate fat.

Increased fluids.

Consult dietitian.

Calorie count.

Front 11

Isolation Precautions

Back 11

1. Universal Precautions

2. Airborne, droplet, contact (Organisms?)

Front 12

Inflammation versus Infection

Back 12

1. Inflammation is always present with infection but, Infection not always present with

inflammation.

2. Acute infection: healing in 2 - 3 weeks

3. Chronic weeks months

Front 13

SUSCEPTIBILITY

Back 13

1. Age, length of hospitalization, chronic lung, renal, liver disease.

2. Immune System health, use antibiotics.

3. Invasive procedures, malnourished

4. Surgery, burns, steroids, radiation, chemo