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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mediators of leukocyte margination
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Selectins mediate margination. P and E selctins on endothelium bind Sialyl-Lewis on leukocyte; GlyCAM/CD34 on endothelium binds L-selectin on leukocyte
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Mediators of leukocyte adhesion
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Integrins mediate adhesion. ICAM, VCAM on endothelium bind LFA-1 and VLA on leukocyte
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Regulators of leukocyte margination and adhesion
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Histamine upregulates P-selectin. IL-1 and TNF induce E-selectin, ICAM and VCAM. Chemotactic agents cause conformational change of LFA-1
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Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
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Defect of CD18 (beta chain subunit of LFA-1 integrin on leukocytes). Recurrent infections, no pus formation, failure of umbilical cord to detach
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Chemotactic factors
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N-formyl methionine, leukotriene B4, C5a, IL-8
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Opsonins
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Fc portion of IgG, c3b, C reactive protein
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Chediak-Higashi syndrome
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Defect of microtubule polymerization causes defect in chemotaxix and degranulation. Partial albinism, peropheral neuropathy
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CGD
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NADPH oxidase deficiency. No production of superoxide for respiratory burst. Recurrent catalase+ infections, negative nitroblue tetrazolium test
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Arachidonic acid products
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AA producedd by phospholipase A2 (inhibited by steroids). Produces leukotrienes, prostaglandins and thromboxane A2
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Lypoxigenase pathway
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Arachidonic acid is converted to leukotrienes by 5-lypoxigenase. LTB4 --> chemotaxis. LTC4, D4, E4 --> bronchoconstriction
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Cycloxigenase pathway
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Arachidonic acid is converted to TXA2 and prostaglandins (NSAIDs block). TXA2 --> vasoconstriction, platelet aggregator. PGI2, PGE2, PGF2
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Mediators of vasodilation
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Histamine , bradikinin, PGI2, PGD2, E2, F2
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Mediators of pain
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Bradikinin, PGE2
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Mediators of increased permeability
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Histamine, Bradikinin
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Mediators of vasoconstriction
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TXA2, LTC4, D4, E4
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Mediators of bronchoconstriction
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LTC4, D4, E4, bradikinin
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Mediators of fever
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IL-1, PGD2, E2, F2
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Anaphilotoxins
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C3a, C5a. Directly stimulate histamine release from basophils, mast cells and platelets
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C3b
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Opsonin; neutrophils, macrophages and monocytes have C3b receptros
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Bradikinin synthesis and actions
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Synthesized from activation of prekalikrein by factor XII (Hageman). Kalikrein cleaves HMWK into bradikinin. Vasodilator, increased permeability, brnchoconstrictor, pain
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PGE2
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Vasodilation in kidneys, increases renal blood flow, increases gastric mucosal blood flow (mucoprotection), activates osteoclasts, fever, pain, maintains ductus arteriosus
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Prostacyclin (PGI2)
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Vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation
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IL-1
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Stimulates PGE2 synthesis in hypothalamus --> fever; B-cell stimulation to synthesize Ig; osteoclast activation (released by osteoblasts under PTH stimulation); lytic bone lessions of multiple myeloma; increases adhesion molecules in endothelium; increases acute phase reactants
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Hageman factor
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Activates intrinsic coagulation system, kinin cascade and fibrinolytic system
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PGF
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Uterine muscle contraction (cause pf primary amenorrhea)
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gamma interferon
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Produced by CD4 cells and NK cells. Activates macrophages; antiviral properties; class I and class II antigens; increases IL-2, IL-12 production by CD4 cells
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IL-2
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Produced by CD4 cells. T cell growth factor. Promotes B cell and NK cell proliferation
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IL-6
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Synthesis of acute phase reactants
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Factors that increase adhesion molecule synthesis
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C5a, LTB4, IL-1, TNF
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Key cells in acute and chronic inflamation
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Acute: neutrophil has IgG and C3b receptros; Chronic: macrophage has receptors for IgG and C3b, process antigen and secrete IL-1, IL-12 and TNF
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Chronic granulomatous inflamation
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Epitheloid cells and multinucleated giant cells surrounded by a rim of lymphocytes with central caseous necrosis
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Type I collagen
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skin, bones, tendons and most organs
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Type II collagen
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Cartilage and vitreous humor
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Type III collagen
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granulation tissue
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Type IV collagen
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basement membranes
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Composition of basement membranes
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Has negative charge. Collagen type IV, proteoglycans (heparan sulfate), laminin, fibronectin
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Fibronectin
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Binds collagen, fibrin and integrins; adhesion glycoprotein of extracellular matrix; chemotactic for fibroblasts and endothelial cells
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VEGF
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vascular endothelial growth factor; important in angiogenesis
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FGF
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Fibroblast growth factor; important in angiogenesis
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PDGF
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Stimulates granulation tissue formation; stimulates proliferation of smooth muscle, fibroblasts and endothelium
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Laminin
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Adhesion protein in basement membranes; binds type IV collagen, integrins and ECM components
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