Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Most prevalent mediators in Vasodilation (3):
|
Prostaglandins, NO, Histamine
|
|
|
Most prevalent mediators in increased vascular permeability: (9)
|
Vasoactive amines, C3a, C5a (through liberating amines), bradykinin, Leukotrienes C4,D4,E4, PAF, Substance P
|
|
|
Most prevalent mediators in Chemotaxis, leukocyte recruitment and activation: (7)
|
IL-1, TNF, C3a, C5a, Leukotriene B4, chemokines, bacterial products
|
|
|
Most prevalent mediators in fever: (4)
|
IL-1, IL-6, TNF, Prostaglandins
|
|
|
Most prevalent mediators in pain: (2)
|
Prostaglandins, bradykinin
|
|
|
Most prevalent mediators in tissue damage: (4)
|
neutrophil and macrophage lysosomal enzymes, oxygen metabolites, nitric oxides.
|
|
|
What are the circulating plasma proteases that undergo activation to be effective?
|
Complement system, Kinin system, Coagulation system (intrinsic pathway), and fibrinolytic system.
|
|
|
What are pre-formed mediators of inflammation that are stored in granules?
|
Vasoactive amines and WBC lysosomal proteases.
|
|
|
Mediators that are produced in response to stimulation? (6)
|
Arachidonic acid metabolites, oxygen-derived free radicals, PAFs, NO, cytokines, and Neuropeptides (Substance P).
|
|
|
What are four main functions of complement?
|
Inc. vascular permeability (via Histamine), WBC activation (via C5a), Chemotaxis (C5a), and Opsonizatio (C3b).
|
|
|
What is the kinin system activated by?What are two main functions/products of the kinin system?
|
1. Factor 12
Kallikreins - activate bradykinin (inc. vascular permeability and pain), Factor 12, Plasmin, and C5a. |
|
|
What are the two most common types of histiocytic giant cells?
|
Langhans giant cells - nuclei around the periphery
Foreign body giant cells - nuclei cluster together or randomly |
|
|
What three things are the formation of granulomas dependent upon?
|
1. Indigestible material
2. Inciting organism (usually TB) 3. An idiopathic process |
|
|
What are the four cardinal signs of localized inflammation?
|
Rubor, Calor, Tumor, and Dolor
|
|
|
During the Adhesion process, what occurs?
|
Adhesion molecules on both the WBC and endothelial cell surfaces firmly adhere.
|
|
|
What is diapedesis?
|
When WBCs move between the endothelial cells and cross the basement membrane to enter the interstitial space.
|
|
|
What is the first monocyte to arrive?
|
Neutrophils
|
|
|
The engulfment process requires similar processes as chemotaxis, what process is this?
|
Ligand-receptor complexes, g-protein mediated messengers, increased cytoplasmic calcium.
|
|
|
The killing and degredation process of inflammation is associated with a burst of what?
|
Oxygen consumption and production of oxygen radials.
|
|
|
What does myeloperoxidase make?
|
It is an enzyme used to convert hydrogen peroxide and chlorine to HOCl- or hypochlorous acid.
|
|
|
In granulomatous inflammation what activates epithelioid cells?
|
Macrophages
|
|
|
Vasodilation is primary mediated by (3)?
|
Prostaglandins, histamine & serotonin, NO
|
|
|
Increased vascular permeability? (6)
|
Vasoactive amines, C3a/C5a, Bradykinin, Leukotrienes, PAG, and Substance P
|
|
|
What is leukocyte adhesion stimulated by?
|
Chemotactic complement fragments (C5a), Interleikin-1
|
|
|
What are some major chemotactic agents?
|
N-formylated peptides (bacterial products), Complement fragments (C5a), LT B4 (leukotrienes), and Chemokinds (IL-8)
|
|
|
What are three main leukocyte activators?
|
TNF-alpha
C5a PAF |
|
|
Phagocytosis is activated by what two main opsonins?
|
Fc fragments of IgG and C3b and C3bi
|
|
|
What are examples of the leukocyte products in the interstitium?
|
Oxygen radicals and eicosanoids
|
|
|
What is fever primarily mediated by?
|
Cytokines, IL-1, TNF-alpha, they act on the thermoregulatory center of the hypothalamus. IL-1 stimulates prostaglandin synthesis.
|
|
|
Acute phase reactants are mediated by what substance?
|
The action of Il-6 on the hepatocytes and they results in an increased eythrocyte sedimentation rate.
|
|
|
What are the effects of IL-1, TNF-alph?
|
1. Acute phase reactions (fever, increased sleep, neutrophilia, elevated acute phase reactants)
2. Endothelial cell "activation" increased leukocyte activation 3. Fibroblast effects --> proliferation and increased collagen synthesis. |
