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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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heat |
calor |
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redness |
rubor |
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swelling |
tumor |
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pain |
dolor |
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loss of fxn |
functio laesa |
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protective response involving host cells, blood vessels, and proteins and other mediators that is intended to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury |
Inflammation |
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a body defense reaction in order to eliminate or limit the spread of injurious agent, followed by removal of the necrosed cells and tissues. |
Inflammation |
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immunologists refer to as innate immunity |
Inflammation |
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TRUE OR FALSE the inflammatory reaction and the subsequent repair process can themselves cause considerable harm. |
TRUE |
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“Known as the external signs of inflammation” |
Cardinal Signs of Inflammation |
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The first four of these CARDINAL SIGNS were described more than 2000 years ago by a Roman encyclopedist named |
Celsus |
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father of modern pathology |
Rudolf Virchow |
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vasodilation mediated by prostaglandins (PGE, prostacyclin) causing hyperemia |
Redness (Rubor) |
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increased vascular permeability mediated by vasoactive amines (histamine, serotonin) C3a, C5a, bradykinin, leu |
Swelling (Tumor) |
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warmth due to increased blood flow (hyperemia) |
Heat (Calor) |
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increased pressure exerted by edema and stimulation of pain-sensitive nerve endings by prostaglandin & bradykinin |
Pain (Dolor) |
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pain on pressure is tenderness |
Pain (Dolor) |
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due to pain and immobility |
Loss of Function (Functio Laesa) |
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Rapid in onset and of short duration, lasting from a few minutes to hours to as long as a few days (generally < 2 weeks). |
Acute Inflammation |
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common and medically important causes of inflammation. |
TRAUMA TISSUES NECROSIS FPREIGN BODIES\ IMMUNE REACTIONS |
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Changes in vascular caliber and flow (Increased blood flow secondary to vasodilation) Increased vascular permeability |
VASCULAR CHANGES |
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Leukocyte recruitmentLeukocyte activation |
CELLULAR EVENTS |
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The principal leukocytes in acute inflammation are -- |
neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes) |
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Changes in Vascular Caliber and Flow |
. Transient vasoconstriction . Arteriolar vasodilation |
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Escape of fluid, proteins and blood cells from the vascular system into the interstitial tissue or body cavities |
EXUDATION |
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Inflammatory extra-vascular fluid with high protein concentration and cellular debris and high specific gravity typical of inflammation |
Exudate |
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Fluid with decreased protein concentration (low protein content), little or no cellular material and low specific gravity accumulate in various non-inflammatory conditions |
Transudate |
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outpouring of a watery, relatively protein-poor fluid |
Serous inflammation |
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fluid in a serous cavity is called an |
effusion. |
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Skin blister resulting from a burn or viral infection either within or immediately beneath the epidermis of the skin |
Serous inflammation |
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Pleural effusion in tuberculosis |
Serous inflammation |
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More of plasma proteins (fibrinogen) and fibrin (thread-like or solid amorphous eosinophilic coagulum) |
Fibrinous inflammation |
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Characteristic of inflammation in the lining of body cavities: meninges, pericardium, pleura |
Fibrinous inflammation |
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characteristic of inflammation in the lining of body cavities, such as the meninges, pericardium, and pleura. |
fibrinous exudate |
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ingrowth of fibroblasts and blood vessels |
organization |
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Manifested by the collection of large amounts of purulent exudate (pus) consisting of neutrophils, necrotic (liquefactive) cells, and edema fluid. |
Suppurative (purulent) inflammation |
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pus-forming |
pyogenic |
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Acute appendicitis |
Suppurative (purulent) inflammation |
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are focal collections of pus that may be caused by seeding of pyogenic organisms into a tissue or by secondary infections of necrotic foci. |
Abscesses |
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the usual outcome with abscess formation |
scarring |
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ABSCESS IN THE LUNG |
Suppurative (purulent) inflammation |
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an inflammatory process that occurs in mucous membranes |
Catarrhal inflammation |
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common cold (nasopharyngitis, rhinopharyngitis) rhinitis |
Catarrhal inflammation |
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Refers to a local defect, or excavation, of the surface of an organ or tissue that is produced by necrosis of cells and sloughing (shedding) of necrotic and inflammatory tissue |
Ulcer |
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peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum |
ULCER |
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It is inflammatory response of mucous surface (oral, respiratory, bowel) to toxins of diphtheria or irritant gases. |
Pseudomembranous inflammation |
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false membrane |
Pseudomembranous inflammation |
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Diphtheria, membranous enterocolitis |
Pseudomembranous inflammation |
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It is a diffuse inflammation of soft tissues resulting from spreading effects of substances like hyaluronidase released by some bacteria. |
Cellulitis |
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defined as presence of small number of bacteria in the blood which do not multiply significantly. They are commonly not detected by direct microscopy. |
Bacteremia |
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means presence of rapidly multiplying, highly pathogenic bacteria in the blood e.g. pyogenic cocci |
Septicemia |
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is the dissemination of small septic thrombi in the blood which cause their effects at the site where they are lodged. |
Pyemia |
