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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the best clinical course to take when treating an infection?
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The best course to take is when you know how much of the infection the client was exposed to.
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What are the 4 phases of an infection?
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Incubation Period, Prodromal Phase, Clinical Illness Phase, and Convalescence Phase.
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What is the Incubation Phase of an infection?
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The exposure to the 1st symptom.
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What is the Prodromal Phase of an infection?
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A period of vague, nonspecific symptoms that may precede the full manifestation of some infections. Symptoms my include: malaise, low-grade fever, nausea, weakness, and/ or general aches. *May not get full blown infection!
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What is the Clinical Illness Phase of an infection?
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The symptoms are fully manifested and clearly recognized as representing a specific infection. Diagnosis - signs and symptoms and confirmed after obtaining cultures to identify the specific organism.
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What is the Convalescence Phase of an infection?
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The time following the acute symptoms to the time of normal health. Decreased energy and feeling tired. *Relaps is possible if you don't take care of yourself.
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What is Inflammation?
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A basic way in which the body reacts to infection, irritation or other injury, the key feature being redness, warmth, swelling, and pain. Inflammation is now recognized as a type of nonspecific immune response.
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What is the Inflammatory Response?
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It's the 2nd line of defense against infection. Localized reaction to injury. Activated when tissue damage occurs. Responds to invasion by microorganisms. Very complex - enormous flexibility and effectiveness.
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What is Acute Inflammation?
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The short-term immune response our bodies mount in cases of trauma, infection, and allergy. When a non-cell enters the body the inflammation response takes place.
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What is Chronic Inflammation?
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Arises when this response is not completely turned off or extinguished. It acts like a slow-burning fire, continuing to stimulate pro-inflammatory immune cells when they may not be needed. 6 months is generally used to characterized "chronic".
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Excess of immune cells floating in the body causes?
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Chronic Inflamation. Which can lead to serious metabolic breakdown. Has long-term implications.
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What are Nosocomial Infections?
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Hospital-acquired - 3 days. Occurs in 5-10% of patients. Multiple resistant organisms infect 25%.
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What are Iatrogenic Infections?
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The direct result of treatments such as invasive procedures.
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What are the 6 links in the chain of infection?
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Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host. *Each link must be present and in a sequential order for an infection to occur.
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What does -cytosis and -philia mean?
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Increased
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What does -penia mean?
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Decreased
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What do the bands on neutrophils (WBC's) mean?
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Immature Neutrophils, unable to fight infection.
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What do the segs on neutrophils (WBC's) mean?
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Mature neutrophils, able to fight infection.
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What is a culture and how long can it take to get results?
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Culture determines the actual organism causing the infection. It can take 72hrs to get results.
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What is ESR?
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Erythocyte Sedimentation Rate. Also called Sed Rate or Sedimentation Rate. It is a simple test used to determine how much inflammation is in the body, but cannot diagnose the specific condition causing the inflammation.
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What is an antigen?
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a substance capable of inducing a specific immune response. The body has to be exposed to it once before it will have an antigen for it.
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What is a C-reactive Protein (CRP)?
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Nonspecific test used to diagnose bacterial infections, inflammations, and necrosis. CRP is more sensitive and responds more rapidly than the ESR. Increased CRP may predict coronary events.
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What part of a patients assessment would be most beneficial when trying to find out what type of infection they might have?
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Travel history. A lot of infectious agents are brought from people who travel.
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Who would you notify when a patient states that they live alone are are elderly?
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The Nurse Case Manager or Social Worker. Elderly people should not live alone. Make sure you know who is there to support the elder client (family, friend, etc...)
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What are standard precautions - CDC Tier 1?
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Gloves, water-impermeable gown, masks or respirators, and eye protection.
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What are Transmission-based precautions - CDC Tier 2?
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Airborne (TB), Droplet (Flu), and Contact (MRSA)
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What is Medical Asepsis and how can we apply it to MRSA?
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Prevention. Use contact isolation precautions (gown, gloves, and wash hands)
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What do you do if a client is running a fever after surgery?
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Draw labs and get results, then call the doctor.
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What does a patient with an infection look like?
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Dehydrated (dry mucosa), increased respirations, flushed (red), etc...
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