Infectious Diseases Part 1

Front 1

no DNA & RNA

Back 1

Prions

Front 2

cause spongiform encephalopathy

Back 2

Prions

Front 3

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Back 3

Prions

Front 4

"Mad cow disease"

Back 4

Prions

Front 5

contain RNA or DNA but never both

Back 5

Viruses

Front 6

Capsid & envelope

Back 6

Viruses

Front 7

they cause transient acute illness or chronic disease

Back 7

Viruses

Front 8

lack nuclei & other membrane-bound organelles but have cell walls

Back 8

Bacteria

Front 9

causes urogenital infxn, conjunctivitis, trachoma, & respiratory infxn

Back 9

Chlamydia

Front 10

transmitted by arthropod vector

Back 10

Ricketssia

Front 11

caused by vascular thrombosis

Back 11

Ricketssia

Front 12

Rocky mountain spotted fever

Back 12

Rickettsia

Front 13

causes epidemic typhus

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Rickettsia

Front 14

lack cell walls and are the smallest of the free-living microbes

Back 14

Mycoplasma

Front 15

cause atypical pneumonia & non-gonococcal urethritis

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Mycoplasma

Front 16

eukaryotes w/ thick, chitin containing cell walls and ergosterol-containing cell membrane

Back 16

Fungi

Front 17

grow in humans as rounded yeast forms

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Fungi

Front 18

slender hypae (septated or aseptated)

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Fungi

Front 19

motile, single-celled eukaryotes

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Protozoa

Front 20

can replicate intra- or extracellularly

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Protozoa

Front 21

infections may be transmitted SEXUALLY, INGESTION, BLOOD-SUCKING INSECTS

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Protozoa

Front 22

highly differentiated multicellular organisms w/ complex life cycles

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Helminths

Front 23

humans may harbor adult worms, immature stages or asexual larval forms

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Helminths

Front 24

disease severity is proportional to the number of infectious orgs

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Helminths

Front 25

inflammatory responses are typically generated against eggs or larva and not adult forms

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Helminths

Front 26

can be insects or arthropods that attach to and live on the skin

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ectoparasites

Front 27

may directly injure their human host or be vectors for other pathogens

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ectoparasites

Front 28

most bacteria can be stained in _____

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Gram stain

Front 29

Mycobacteria, nocardiae (modified) stain ____

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Acid fast

Front 30

fungi, legionellae, pneumocystis stain ____

Back 30

Silver stains

Front 31

fungi, amoebae stain ____

Back 31

PAS

Front 32

Cryptococci stains ____

Back 32

mucicarmine

Front 33

Campylobacter, Leishmaniae, malaria parasites

Back 33

Giemsa

Front 34

Transmission of microbes via: (4)

Back 34

Transplacental

Respiratory route

Fecal-oral

Sexual route

Front 35

Predilection for infecting SPECIFIC cell types

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Tropism (Viruses)

Front 36

Eg. of rapid replication and lysis

Back 36

Shigella & E. coli

Front 37

Eg. of proliferating within endosomes

Back 37

M. tuberculosis

Front 38

Eg. of proliferating within cytoplasm

Back 38

Listeria monocytogenes

Front 39

(Endotoxin/Exotoxin)

LPS composed of long chain fatty acid and carbohydrate chain

Back 39

Endotoxin

Front 40

(Endotoxin/Exotoxin)

low dose elicit protective inflammatory cell recruitment and cytokine production

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endotoxin

Front 41

(Endotoxin/Exotoxin)

higher dose contribute to septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation & acute respiratory distress

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endotoxin

Front 42

(Endotoxin/Exotoxin)

enzymes destroy tissue integrity by degrading host cell proteins

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exotoxin

Front 43

(Endotoxin/Exotoxin)

alter intracellular signaling

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exotoxin

Front 44

(Endotoxin/Exotoxin)

Neurotoxins (botulinum & tetanus toxins) block neurotransmitter release and cause paralysis

Back 44

exotoxin

Front 45

(Endotoxin/Exotoxin)

superantigens stimulate large number of T cells

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exotoxins

Front 46

seen in staphylococcus and can lead to SEPSIS

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Superantigens

Front 47

aka rubeola

Back 47

measles

Front 48

an RNA paramyxovirus transmitted by respiratory droplets

Back 48

measles

Front 49

leading cause of vaccine-preventable morbidity & mortality worldwide

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measles

Front 50

blotchy, reddish-brown rash on face, trunk and proximal extremities

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measlesq

Front 51

Pathognomonic lesion

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Koplik's spot

Front 52

Pathognomonic cell in LN, lungs, & sputum

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Warthin-Finkeldey cels

Front 53

a paramyxovirus spread by respiratory droplets

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mumps

Front 54

initial replication is in the LN draining the URT

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mumps

Front 55

infection of salivary gland ductal epith. leads to desquamation, edema, inflammation

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mumps

Front 56

spread can also occur to testes, ovary, pancreas, and CNS

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mumps

Front 57

most common extrasalivary gland complication in mumps

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aseptic meningitis

Front 58

unencapsulated RNA enterovirus transmitted by FECAL-ORAL route

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poliovirus

Front 59

infects the tissue in OROPHARYNX, secreted into saliva and swallowed then multiplies in intestinal mucosa and LN, followed by viremia and fever

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poliovirus

Front 60

usually asymptomatic but may invade the CNS in 1% of person causing muscular paralysis

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poliovrus

Front 61

systemic infections characterized by fever and hemorrhage

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viral hemorrhagic fever

Front 62

caused by enveloped RNA virus from 4 families: ____

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viral hemorrhagic fever

1. arenavirus

2. filovirus

3. bunyavirus

4. flavivirus

Front 63

transmitted by infected insects or animals

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viral hemorrhagic fever

Front 64

manifestations range from mild acute disease to life-threatening shock

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viral hemorrhagic fever

Front 65

most of these viruses infect endothelial cells and thus hemorrhagic manifestations can be secondary to endothelial or platelet injury

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viral hemorrhagic fever

Front 66

replicates in skin and mucous membranes, causing vesicular lesions

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herpes simplex virus

Front 67

classic lesion is large, pink-purple virion-containing intranuclear inclusions

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herpes simplex virus

Front 68

cowdry-type A inclusions

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herpes simplex virus

Front 69

spread to sensory neurons and remain latent in the sensory neuron ganglia

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herpes simplex virus

Front 70

gingivostomatitis, keratitis, genital sores

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herpes simplex virus

Front 71

transmitted via aerosols, disseminates hematogenously and cause widespread vesicular skin lesions

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Varicella-Zoster virus

Front 72

chickenpox and shingles

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Varicella-Zoster virus

Front 73

carried in breast milk, respiratory droplets, blood and saliva, transplacental, etc.

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cytomegalovirus

Front 74

characteristic large intranuclear inclusions surrounded by a clear halo

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cytomegalovirus

Front 75

manifested as mononucleosis-like syndrome

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cytomegalovirus

Front 76

viruses remain latent in leukocytes

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cytomegalovirus

Front 77

most common opportunistic viral pathogen in AIDS

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cytomegalovirus

Front 78

"A DEW DROP ON A ROSE PETAL"

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varicella-zoster virus

Front 79

DNA virus member of the hepadnavirus family

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Hepatitis B virus

Front 80

can be transmitted percutaneously, perinatally, sexually

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Hepatitis B virus

Front 81

infects hepatocytes (chronic productive)

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Hepatitis B virus