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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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________% of children 2-11 years have dental caries.
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42%
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________% of the US population has gingivitis.
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90%
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________% of Americans have periodontitis.
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50%
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Dental plaque is a ________ disease involving environmental factors, systemic disease/host defense, microbial etiology, and genetic factors.
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multifactorial
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Teeth are exposed to over ________ bacterial species. Teeth enamel do not "shed" which allows for easy ________.
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600 colonization |
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The ________ hypothesis states that any plaque would produce irritants and inflammation.
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non-specific plaque
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ANUG (Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis) was found to be caused by ________.
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Spirochetes
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A ________ is a microbially derived sessile community characterized by cells that are irreversibly attached to a substratum or interface or to each other, are embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances that they have produced, and exhibit an altered phenotype with respect to growth rate and gene transcription.
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biofilm
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Early colonizers include ________ and ________.
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Streptococcus Actinomyces |
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After co-aggregation and multiplication, there is adherence of gram-negative organisms including ________ and ________.
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F. nucleatum P. intermedia |
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________ are the circulatory system of biofilms.
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Channels
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________ is essential for colonization.
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Adherence
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The early biofilm (4-8 hours) has a ________ level of diversity and is mainly colonized by ________.
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low Streptococci |
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The young biofilm (1-2 days) has a 20% increase in ________ at healthy sites, a 15% increase in ________ and 10% increase in ________ at diseased sites.
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Veillonella Veillonella gram-negative rods |
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The intermediate biofilm (5 days) has an additional 8% increase in ________ and members of the ________ complex are present.
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gram-negative bacilli orange |
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The climax biofilm (10 days) is characterized by increase in mass but constant cell counts. At healthy sites, there is an increase in ________ and ________. At diseased sites, there is an additional 18% increased in ________ and decreases in ________.
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gram-positive rods gram-negative cocci gram-negative rods cocci |
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As disease progresses, there are LESS cocci and ________ rods, and MORE ________ and ________ rods.
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non-motile Spirochetes motile |
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Yellow complex includes the ________ genus and are associated with ________.
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Streptococcus health |
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Blue complex includes ________.
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Actinomyces
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Purple complex includes ________ and ________
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V. parvulla A. odontolyticus |
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Orange complex are a ________ to the red complex.
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bridge
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Red complex includes ________, ________, and ________.
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P. gingivalis T. forsythus T. denticola |
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There is no O2 present inside the pocket. The sources of bacterial nutrition come from the ________ and ________.
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periodontal tissues blood |
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A. actinomycetemcomitans is usually ________ and dominates the bacterial community.
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isolated
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Viruses are associated with ________ and ________ complexes.
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orange red |
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Filifactor alocis and Parvimonas micra are most abundant in ________ patients.
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localized aggressive periodontitis
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Bacteria cause inflammation and destruction directly onto the tissues by: (list 5 ways)
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LPS ammonia Volatile sulfur compounds fatty acids proteases |
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Host cells fight the bacteria by triggering an immune response releasing: (list 3)
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MMPs Cytokines (IL-1, TNF) Prostaglandins (PGE2) |
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The microflora attacks the host, and the host attacks the microflora but will also create release cytokines, prostaglandins, and MMPs that will culminate with tissue and bone ________.
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destruction
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________, ________, and ________ factors also play a role in the destruction of tissue and bone.
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Environmental acquired genetic |
