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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the mode of transmission for mononucleosis?
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Direct contact with infected oropharyngeal and genital tract secretions.
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Causative agent of mononucleosis?
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Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
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Major s/sx of mononucleosis?
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* Malaise, HA, anorexia, abdomina pain, fatigue and fever for 2-3 days
* Followed by lymphadenopathy and a sore throat. * Hepatosplenomegaly may occur. *Pain from swollen tonsils & lymph nodes * Last 2-3 weeks |
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What age group most often gets mono?
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Teens
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What is the mode of transmission for pertussis?
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* Respiratory droplets
* Direct contact with discharge from the respiratory membranes |
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Causative agent of pertussis?
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Bordetalla pertussis
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What are the major s/sx of pertussis?
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* Cold symptoms to start but gets worse
* "Whoop" sound is from forceful inhalation and a narrowed glottis. * Low-grade fever |
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How long does pertussis last?
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Cough can linger for weeks or months
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What is the mode of transmission for botulism?
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* Food (oral transmission)
* Inhaled spores * Honey is a big risk for babies cos stomach acid isn't strong enough to kill spores |
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Causative agent of botulism?
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Clostridium botulinum
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What are s/sx of botulism?
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* Double or blurred vision with sluggishly reactive pupils
* Speech or swallowing problems * Muscle weakness that can cause descending flaccid paralysis if untreated * Constipation |
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What is the mode of transmission for polio?
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* Primarily by fecal-oral
* Can transmit respiratory route |
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Causative agent of polio?
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Poliovirus is an enterovirus (with 3 serotypes)
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Major s/sx of polio?
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Affects CNS
* Less severe infections may be limited to fever, stiff neck, stiff back, HA, vomiting, sore throat. * More severe cases: fever, HA, stiff neck, decreased DTRs, progressive weakness * Swallowing difficulties (Iron Lung) * Can lead to long-term muscle deformities |
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What is the mode of transmission for varicella?
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* Direct contact of the virus to the mucous membranes or conjunctive primarily thru airborne spread of secretions and occaisionally with lesion contact
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What is causative agent in varicella?
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Varicella-zoster virus (herpes family)
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What are the s/sx of varicella?
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* Rash starts with macules on an erythematious base
* Progresses to a papule, then a clear, fluid-filled vesicle ("dew drop on a rose petal) * Lesions may erupt for 1-5 days. * All stages can be present at one time * Starts on the trunk, scalp and face --> move to extremities |
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What is the mode of transmission for Hemophilus Influenza Type B (HiB)?
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* Direct person-to-person contact
* Droplet inhalation |
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What is the causal agent of Hemophilus Influenza Type B (HiB)?
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Coccobacilli H. influenzae bacteria
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What are the s/sx of Hemophilus Influenza Type B (HiB)?
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Severe invasive illnesses!
* meningitis * epiglottitis * pneumonia * septic arthritis * cellulitis * Sepsis in infants |
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What is the mode of transmission for measles?
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* Airbornes
* Respiratory droplets * Contact with infected persons |
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What is the causal agent of measles?
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Mobillivirus, a member of the paramyxovirus group
(lecturer said Rubiola measles) |
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What are the s/sx of measles?
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Prodromal phase (3-4 days)
-- High fever -- "four Cs" = conjunctivitis, cough, coryza (inflammation of mucus membranes), Koplik spots 2-4 days after onset: -- characteristic red, blotchym maculopapular rash ("red freckles") -- Rash begins on face and spreads to trunk and extremities |
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What is the mode of transmission for meningococcus?
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* Respiratory droplets
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What is the causal agent of meningococcus?
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Neisseria meningitidis
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What are the s/sx of meningococcus?
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Abrupt onset of:
-- flulike symptoms: fever, chills, vomiting -- prostration (extreme exhaustion) Neuro signs: drowsy, disorientation, hallucinations, convulsions petechial rash over body. If you push on it, the color stays (will not turn white). Most worried about: -- sepsis -- shock -- DIC -- purpura fulminana -- coma, death Rapidly progress to serious illness |
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What is purpura fulminans?
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A hemorrhagic condition associated with sepsis or previous infection. Can be caused by meningococcus.
Features include tissue necrosis, small vessel thrombosis and disseminated intravacular coagulation (DIC). |
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What nursing advice do you give to a teen recovering from mono?
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Tender spleen. Don't participate in contact sports, otherwise risk ruptured spleen.
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