Infectious Disease Iii - The Final

Front 1

Immune disorders

Back 1

Disorders of the Immune
ooOOooOoo

Front 2

Anaphylaxis hypersensitivity
1. systemic or local?
2. how to treat an attack?
3. immediate or delayed attack?
4. what parts of immune system are involved?
5. What type allergic hypersensitivity?

Back 2

1. both
2. epinephrine
3. immediate
4. IgE, Mast Cells, Basophils
5. Type I hypersensitivity

Front 3

Cytotoxic hypersensitivity
1. what parts of immune system are involved
2. some associated diseases
3. which type of hypersensitivity

Back 3

1. IgG, IgM, complement system
2. hemolytic disease of the newborn, hemolytic anemia, rheumatic fever and myasthenia gravis
3. Type II

Front 4

Immune Complex hypersensitivity
1. What parts of the immune system
2. immediate or delayed?
3. some sicknesses
4. which type hypersensitivity

Back 4

1. IgG, complement
2. immediate
3. serum sickness, glomerulonephritis, systemic lupus, rheumatoid arthritis
4. type III

Front 5

Herd immunity

Back 5

when majority of pop is immune so much that virus cannot spread

Front 6

incubation period

Back 6

the time from infection to symptoms

Front 7

vertical transmission

Back 7

from mother to child

Front 8

Congenital infection

Back 8

when transmission happens crossing placenta. in utero

Front 9

Perinatal infection

Back 9

during birth

Front 10

Postnatal infection

Back 10

Infection that occurs after birth

Front 11

Small Pox
1. what type of virus
2. two types
3. transmission
4. prevention

Back 11

1. vaccinia virus
2. variola major
variola minor
3. respiratory route
4. vaccine

Front 12

Chicken pox - shingles
1. what type of virus
2. specific virus of chicken pox
3. speicific virus of shingles
and what form is is?
4. transmission
5. pathogenesis
6. treatment
7. prevention
8. what is an aspirin related condition in children and teens, (coma to death) following chicken pox?

Back 12

1. herpes virus: varicella-zoster
2. varicella
3. zoster - latent form. resides in nerve ganglia.
4. respiratory route
5. vesicular rash for 3 days (pus --> rupture --> scab) on face, throat and lower back
6. Acyclovir for severe cases
7. vaccine - live attenuated vaccine. admin at 15 months with MMR
8. reye's syndrome

Front 13

Staphylococcus aureas
1. gram +/-
2. shape, and what they grow in
3. some diseases it causes
4. treatment

Back 13

1. gram +
2. coccus - clusters
3. Impetigo of Newborn
Folliculitus
furnuncle
carbuncle
scalded skin syndrome
toxic shock syndrome
food poisoning
4. methicillin, cloxacillin, oxacillin, hexachlorophene, surgical damage

Front 14

Streptococcus pyogenes
1. another name for this
2. gram +/-
3. shape and what they grow in
4. because they disrupt blood cells, also called
5. diseases
6. treatment
7. what types of hypersensitivity is it involved in?

Back 14

1. group A strep
2. gram +
3. coccus - chains
4. group A beta-hemolytic strep
5. impetigo
cellulitis
strep throat
6. penicillin, erythromycin
7. type II and III

Front 15

Herpes Simplex Virus
1. HSV-1 mostly affects
2. HSV-2 mostly affects
3. transmission
4. treatment
5. vaccine?

Back 15

1. cold sores, fever blisters
2. genitals
3. contact
4. acyclovir
trifluridine - eye and genital
valtrex
5. none

Front 16

Measles - Rubella
1. what kind of virus?
2. type of Nucleic Acid
3. transmission
4. pathogenesis
5. incubation time
6. What is a famale infection during the first 3 months of pregnancy? causes deafness, cataracts, heart problems, retardation, stillborn
7. Prevention

Back 16

1. toga virus. named for shape of coat around virus.
2. rna
3. respiratory route
4. mild - red rash and fever
5. 2-3 weeks
6. congential rubella - babies have congential rubella syndrome
7. MMR vaccine

Front 17

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
1. gram +/-
2. shape
3. diseases it causes
4. treatment

Back 17

1. gram -
2. bacillus
3. dermatitus
folliculitis
otitis externa
Pyocyanin - which is green pus - present in burn patients. had rotting fruit odor.
4. gentamycin, carbeniciilin
sulfa drugs - topical
ciprofloxacin

Front 18

Propionibacterium acnes
1. gram +/-
2. shape
3. statement about its shape
4. disease
5. treatment

Back 18

1. gram +
2. bacillus
3. pleomorphic
4. cystic acne
5. benzoyl peroxide, isotretinoin, antibiotics

Front 19

Viral: HPV
1. cause what?
2. 99% of what comes from this?
3. transmission
4. prevention
5. treatment
6. kind of nucleic acid

Back 19

1. warts
2. cervical cancer
3. direct contact
4. Vaccine. Gardasil. Subunit vaccine. blocks 4 warts, 2 from most common genital warts, 2 from ones that cause cervical cancer.
5. freezing, acids, lasers
6. dna

Front 20

Measles - Rubeola (red)
1. caused by what virus?
2. what kind of nucleic acid in virus?
3. transmission
4. Pathogenesis
5. prevention

Back 20

1. paramyxovirus
2. rna
3. respiratory route
4. sore throat, headache, cough, rash
5. MMR

Front 21

Dermatophytes
1. some organisms
2. tinea capitis
3. tinea cruris
4. tinea pedis
5. treatment

Back 21

1. microsporum, trichophyton, epidermophton
2. ringworm of scalp
3. ringworm of groin
4. ringworm of feet
5. clotrimazole, undecylenic acid, griseofulvin

Front 22

Candidiasis
1. Organism
2. disease
3. cause
4. treatment

Back 22

1. candida albicans
2. thrush
3. comprimised immune system. takes out moist mucosal regions
4. clotrimazole, ketoconazole

Front 23

Neonatal gonorrheal opthalmia
1. organism
2. treatment
3. prevention

Back 23

1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
2. erythromycin and penicillin
3. tetracycline at birth

Front 24

Inclusion conjuctivitus
1. organism
2. symptoms
3. type of organism
4. treatment and prevention

Back 24

1. chlamydia trachomatis
2. scarred cornea
3. obligate intracellular organism
4. tetracycline

Front 25

Trachoma
1. organism
2. leading cause of...
3. transmission
4. treatment

Back 25

1. chlamydia trachomatis
2. blindness
3. direct contact, fomites, flies
4. tetracycline

Front 26

Diseases of the nervous system

Back 26

yeah that nervous system

Front 27

Meningitus
1. neisseria meningitidus - description
2. streptococcus pneumoniae - description

Back 27

1. gram - diplococci
2. gram + diplococci

Front 28

Common to both neisseria meningitidus and streptococcus pneumoniae:
1. carried in...
2. organism enters...
3. invasive due to...
4. may be prevented with...

Back 28

1. nasopharynx
2. bloodstream and spreads to cns
3. antiphagocytic capsule
4. subunit vaccine of purified capsule

Front 29

Unique to neisseria meningitidus:
1. rapid...
2. endotoxin...
3. what kind of outbreaks?

Back 29

1. onset
2. endotoxin contributing factor (petechia)
3. epidemic outbreaks

Front 30

Diagnosis of meningitus
1. what is critical?
2. how to identify?
3. treatment

Back 30

1. speed
2. blood and csf culture, direct gram stains, serological tests
3. cephalosporins until AST

Front 31

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidus:
1. which one is the pooled most common type for high risk?
2. high risk to prevent epidemics?

Back 31

1. streptococcus pneumoniae
2. neisseria meningitidus

Front 32

Tetanus
1. organism
2. organism morphology
3. transmission
4. pathogenesis
5. treatment
6. prevention

Back 32

1. clostridium tetani
2. gram + bacillius, obligate anaerobe, spore forming
3. open wounds
4. lock jaw
5. antibiotics and antiserum
6. toxoid vaccine. Diptheria pertussis. TIG - tetanus immunoglobulins.

Front 33

Botulism:
1. organism
2. organism morphology
3. transmission
4. pathogenesis
5. treatment
6. prevention
7. most common cause

Back 33

1. clostridium botulinum
2. gram positive bacillus, obligate anaerobe, spore forming
3. heat labile exotoxin produced in foods
4. flaccid paralysis caused by blocking of acetylcholine realeasing from nerve synapse
5. antiserum w/ respiratory assistance
6. proper food preservation
7. improper home canning

Front 34

Viral disease of the cns

Back 34

viral diseases of the cns

Front 35

Polio
1. virus name
2. virus type
3. pathogenesis
4. prevention
5. how many serotypes of virus?
6. Last case of wild type in US was in 1979. others have been from

Back 35

1. Poliomyelitis
2. enterovirus
3. small intestine and throat, lymph nodes, blood, cns, paralysis
4. salk vaccine (K)
sabine vaccine (A)
5. 3
6. back mutations from attenuated form to full virulence

Front 36

Fungal diseases of CNS:
1. name of fungus
2. what kind of fungus is it
3. spread from .... to ...
4. most seen in what kind of patients?

Back 36

1. cryptococcus neoformans
2. yeast
3. lungs to CNS
4. immunosuppressed patients

Front 37

Protozoan diseases of CNS
1. name of organism
2. found where?
3. how does it get to your cns

Back 37

1. naegleria fowleri
2. in streams with sandy bottoms
3. water gets in nose, amoeba moves from mastoid sinus process to brain. eats your brain.

Front 38

Diseases of the Cardiovascular system

Back 38

diseases of the cardio

Front 39

Gas Gangrene
1. organism
2. metabolism of organism
3. symptoms
4. pathogenesis
5. diagnosis
6. treatment
7. prevention

Back 39

1. clostridium perfringens
2. obligate anaerobe
3. necrotic tissue, swelling
4. ferment CHO --> CO2 + H2
affects organs, vascular collapse, shock
5. clinical signs, anaerobic culture
6. debridement, amputation, hyperbaric O2, antibiotics
7. cleaning wounds, prophylactic antibodies

Front 40

Lyme Disease
1. organism
2. symptoms
3. transmission
4. diagnosis
5. treatment

Back 40

1. Borrelia burgdorferi
2. rash at tick bite, flu like symptoms, heart neurological sequelae, "arthritis"
3. ticks
4. clinical symptoms, suspicion
5. penicillin

Front 41

Typhus
1. Organism
2. morphology and metabolism
3. infects what kind of cells.

Back 41

1. Rickettsia
2. G- bacilli. Obligate intracellular parasites.
3. endothelial cells of capillaries

Front 42

Epidemic Typhus
1. Organism
2. symptoms
3. transmission
4. diagnosis
5. treatment
6. prevention

Back 42

1. Rickettsia Prowazekii
2. prolonged fever, stupor; rash; high mortality rate
3. body louse. feces --> bite site
4. serologic test for Ab
5. tetracycline and CAMP
6. vaccine for military
get rid of louse infestation

Front 43

Endemic typhus (sporadic)
1. organism
2. prevention
3. transmission
4. reservoir
5. treatment, diagnosis, symptoms

Back 43

1. Rickettsia typhi
2. control rodent population
3. rat flea
4. rodent
5. same as epidemic typhus

Front 44

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
1. Organism
2. symptoms
3. Transmission and Reservoir
4. what kind of passage?
5. treatment and diagnosis
6. prevention

Back 44

1. Rickettsia rickettsia
2. 'measles like' rash on palms of hand, soles of feet.
3. ticks. in southeastern US and appalachia
4. Transovarian passage. transferred from one tick to another.
5. same as endemic and epidemic typhus
6. control vectors and reservoirs

Front 45

Infectious Mononucleosis
1. what's the name of the virus
2. what family of virus
3. symptoms
4. transmission
5. pathogenesis
6. diagnosis
7. treatment
8. is fatal when?

Back 45

1. Epstein Barr Virus
2. Herpes Virus family
3. weakness, swollen lymph nodes, fever, chills
4. saliva
5. virus infects B cells, which produce heterophil antibody
6. heterophil antibody, lymphocyte morphology, florescent Ab for IgM to Ebstein Barr virus
7. bed rest
8. in immunosuppressed people

Front 46

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
1. symptoms
2. prevention
3. fatal when?

Back 46

1. none for most adults.
2. good hygiene. women should be aware of cmv status if thinking about becoming pregnant. babies can be harmed by cmv.

Front 47

Diseases of the respiratory system

Back 47

diseases of the respiratory system

Front 48

Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat)
1. organism and aka
2. symptoms
3. pathogenesis
4. transmission
5. treatment
6. diagnosis
7. prevention

Back 48

1. Streptococcus pyogenes. aka group A hemolytic strep
2. local inflammation, fever, pus.
[scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, ahgn - acute hemmorhagic glomerulonephritis]
3. invasive - hyaluronic acid capsule, m-protein, enzymes and hemolysin
Toxigenic - erythrogenic toxin
4. respiratory secretions
5. penicillin, erythromycin
6. serology, culture
7. isolation

Front 49

Otitis media
1. organisms
2. symptoms
3. pathogenesis
4. transmission
5. Diagnosis
6. treatment
7. prevention

Back 49

1. S. aureus, H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae (main)
2. pain, swelling
3. obstructed auditory tube, invasive factors
4. water, objects, trauma
5. clinical symptoms, culture
6. broad spectrum antibiotics - amoxicillin
7. tubes (youngsters) decongestants

Front 50

Diptheria
1. organism
2. symptoms
3. pathogenesis
4. transmission
5. diagnosis
6. treatment
7. prevention

Back 50

1. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
2. pseudomembrane in throat, bull neck, kidney, heart, nerve damage
3. invasive - locally
toxigenic - exotoxin inhibits protein synthesis
4. respiratory secretions
5. isolate organism, show toxin production
6. antibiotics, antitoxin -> serum containing antibodies for toxin
7. DPT vaccine (toxoid) at 2, 4, 6, 18 months and 4-6 years

Front 51

1. what viruses causes the common cold?

2. what are they immune to?

3. transmission

Back 51

1. coronavirus, rhinovirus
2. immunity, IgA
3. droplet, fomite

Front 52

All organisms that cause pneumoniae:

Back 52

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumonieae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophila
Staphylococcus aureus

Front 53

Streptococcus pneumoniae
1. invasive adaptation
2. what age group is this most common in?
3. diagnosis
4. treatment
5. vaccine

Back 53

1. antiphagocytic capsule, 80+ serotypes
2. the elderly
3. isolate organism
4. penicillin
5. 23 most common types PCV7, pneumovax

Front 54

Klebsiella pneumoniae
1. morphology, location
2. diagnosis
3. treatment

Back 54

1. gram negative bacilli, lung abcesses
2. isolate organism
3. gentamicin, cephalosporin

Front 55

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
1. leading cause of death in...

Back 55

cf patients

Front 56

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
1. atypical because it has no...
2. aka " "
3. treatment

Back 56

1. cell wall
2. walking pneumonia
3. erythromycin, tetracycline

Front 57

Legionella pneumophila
1. morphology
2. transmission
3. diagnosis
4. treatment

Back 57

1. gram - bacillus
2. inhale aerosols
3. culture
4. erythromycin

Front 58

Staphylococcus aureus
1. causes what, in a 4 letter abbreviation?

Back 58

MRSA

Front 59

Tuberculosis
1. organism
2. morphology
3. transmission
4. metabolism
5. diagnosis
6. treatment
7. prevention

Back 59

1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
2. Acid Fast Bacillus
3. droplet nuclei
4. facultative intracellular parasite
5. acid fast stain
culture
x ray
skin test
6. INH (Isoniazid) + rifampin, ethambutol
long term (DOT)
7. skin test + INH
BCG (bacillus calmette Guerin vaccine

Front 60

Influenza
1. name of virus
2. morphology of virus, like what kind of nucleic acid, how many pieces?
3. symptoms
4. pathogenesis
5. transmission
6. diagnosis
7. treatment
8. Prevention

Back 60

1. Orthomyxovirus
2. RNA, 8 pieces
3. chills, fever, headache, muscle ache
4. H spikes - hemagglutinin
N spikes - neuraminidase
5. respiratory secretions
6. clinical symptoms, tissue culture
7. amantadine
8. multivalent vaccines, inactivated virus (high risk)

Front 61

1. antigenic shift
2. antigenic drift

Back 61

1. two different strains of a virus combine to form a new subtype that displays a mixture of the previous antigens.
2. when viruses over time mutate, their antigens do to, so virus may not be targeting by immune system.

Front 62

Enterotoxin of staphylococcus aureus:
1. heat stable?
2. causes
3. lasts how long
4. prevented by
5. treatment

Back 62

1. yes
2. vomiting and diarrhea
3. around 24 hours
4. refrigeration of food
5. rehydration

Front 63

Gastroenteritus
1. organism
2. morphology
3. incubation
4. symptoms
5. reservoir
6. transmission
7. prevention
8. treatment

Back 63

1. salmonella enterica
2. gram negative bacillus
3. 36 hours
4. fever, diarrhea
5. wide variety of animals
6. contaminated food, esp poultry products
7. sanitation and refrigeration
8. rehydration therapy

Front 64

Typhoid fever
1. organism
2. incubation
3. reservoir
4. transmission
5. prevention
6. treatment

Back 64

1. salmonella typhi
2. 2-3 weeks
3. humans
4. human fecal oral route
5. vaccine (killed and attenuated)
6. antibiotics

Front 65

1. gastritis
2. colitis
3. enteritis

Back 65

1. inflammation of the lining of the stomach
2. inflammation of the large intestine
3. inflammation of the small intestine

Front 66

1. diarrhea
2. dysentery

Back 66

1. watery stools
2. watery stools with mucus and blood

Front 67

Dysentary
1. organism
2. morphology
3. what causes blood and mucus?
4. vaccine?
5. treatment
6. which is the most dangerous species

Back 67

1. Shigellosis
2. gram - rod
3. Shiga toxin - an exotoxin that destroys mucosa, leading to blood and mucus
4. none
5. rehydration and antibiotics
6. shigella dysentariae

Front 68

Cholera
1. Organism
2. morphology
3. where is this endemic?
4. transmission
5. symptoms
6. treatment
7. prevention

Back 68

1. Vibrio cholera
2. gram - rod. curved
3. asia
4. contaminated food and water
5. vomiting, rive water stools (12-20 liters a day)
6. rehydration and tetracycline
7. killed vaccine

Front 69

E. coli
1. enterotoxigenic
2. enteroinvasive
3. enteropathogenic
4. enterohemorrhagic
5. all of these had humans for reservoirs, except one which was a cow. which had the cow reservoir.

Back 69

1. traveler's diarrhea "montezumas revenge"
2. dysentary
3. diarrhea in children
4. hemorrhagic colitis
5. enterohemorrhagic.

Front 70

Hepatitis A virus
1. transmission
2. incubation
3. symptoms
4. chronic?
5. prevention

Back 70

1. contaminated food and water
2. 2-6 weeks
3. subclinical. low fever, headache, malaise, jaundice.
4. No
5. administering antibodies within 2 weeks. inactivated vaccine.

Front 71

Hepatitis B virus
1. transmission
2. high incidence among
3. incubation
4. symptoms
5. diagnosis
6. prevention
7. treatment

Back 71

1. contaminated body fluids
2. IV drug users
homosexual males
hospital personnel
transplacental
3. 4-26 weeks
4. none, low fever, jaundice, severe liver damage
5. serology
6. vaccine - purified HBs Ag or genetically engineered HBs AG
Newborn: HBIG and vaccine
contacts: HBIG
7. interferon
7.

Front 72

What is the most common cause of post transfusion hepatitis?

Back 72

Hepatitis C

Front 73

rna or dna? Hepatitis:
A
B
C
D
E

Back 73

rna
DNA
rna
rna
rna

Front 74

Gonorrhoea
1. organism
2. morphology
3. transmission
4. symptoms
5. Complications
6. Diagnosis
7. treatment
8. Prevention

Back 74

1. Neisseria gonorrhoea
2. gram - diplococcus
3. direct contact
4. painful urination, purulent discharge
5. sterility
PID - female
arthritis
endocarditis
meningitis
6. male - gram stain, culture
female - culture
both male and female - serologic test - results in hours
7. cephalosporin, penicilin
8. abstinence, condoms
no vaccine

Front 75

Syphilis
1. organism
2. morphology (simply put)
3. transmission
4. symptoms
5. complications
6. diagnosis
7. treatment
8. prevention

Back 75

1. treponema pallidum
2. spirochete
3. direct contact
4. primary - chancre
secondary - rash
latent (10+ years)
teriary - gumma (cns, eyes, ears)
6. serologic test to detect Ab (cannot grow in lab)
7. penicillin, erythromycin
8. abstinence, condoms