Infectious Disease I

Front 1

What is the definition of an infectious disease?

Back 1

A disease caused by microorganisms

Front 2

What is virulence?

Back 2

The potential of an organism to cause disease

Front 3

Herd Immunity

Back 3

A large group of people are immunized. Disease eventually comes to a 'dead end.'

Front 4

Pasteur's accomplishments
(3)

Back 4

1. Disproved Spontaneous Generation
2. Established 'germ theory.'
3. Developed 'avirulent' microbe-established concepts of vaccination with modern day vaccines

Front 5

Koch's accomplishment

Back 5

Demonstrated a specific germ can cause a specific disease.
(Cows and anthrax)

Front 6

The first treatment of syphilis

Back 6

Paul Erlich developed a selectively toxic chemical for treatment of syphilis, called Salvarsan. It is a derivative of arsenic. The 1st antimicrobial drug. Called 'the magic bullet.'

Front 7

Kinds of vaccines:
Dead whole microorganisms
1.Killed vaccines
2. Inactivated vaccines

Back 7

1. Whole-cell BACTERIAL preparations that have been treated with phenol, formaldehyde, or heat

2. Inactivated vaccines - whole-virus vaccines that have been killed with chemicals, etc

Front 8

Kinds of vaccines:
Living microorganisms that have lost their virulence but maintain immunizing antigens.
1. Attenuated vaccines

Back 8

preparations of mutant strains that have lost one or more virulence factors. Refers to bacteria or viruses.

Front 9

An antigenic fragment of the organism best suited to stimulating a strong immune response. They are called:
1. Subunit vaccines
2. Recombinant vaccines

Back 9

1. purified component consisting of some virulence factor that alone is harmless but still immunogenic
2. Recombinant vaccines - subunit preparations generated in a non related organism by transfer of genes that encode the subunit component.

Front 10

Kinds of vaccines:
An inactivated exotoxin that stimulates an immune response against the active
1. toxoid vaccines

Back 10

1. preparations of chemically inactivated exotoxins that stimulate immunity against the native or active form

Front 11

Kinds of vaccines:
A non or poorly antigenic subunit covalently linked to a protein.
1. Conjugated vaccines

Back 11

1. purified virulence component (subunit) combined to a protein to improve imunogenicity.

Front 12

Kinds of vaccines:
A fragmented killed (whole-cell dead bacterium) conventional vaccine containing desired antigens
1. Acellular vaccines

Back 12

1. extracts of disrupted bacterial cells of a killed vaccine that contain just th eantigens to induce the desired response.