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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the unique side effects associated with ampicillin?
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Diarrhea
Allergic Reactions Yeast infections |
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What infections are penicillinase resistant penicillins used to treat?
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Staph aureus (MSSA)
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What side effects are associated with Nafcillin?
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LFT elevation
Thrombophlebitis |
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What drug increases ampicillin sensitivity?
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Allopurinol
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Which bacteria is Ticarcillin targeted against?
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Enterobacteriacea family
(Enterobacter, E. coli, Proteus) |
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What adverse effects are associated with Ticarcillin?
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Sodium overload
Platelet dysfunction --> increase risk of bleeding Hypokalemia |
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What adverse reaction is associated with Piperacillin?
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Neutropenia (long term use, high doses)
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Which penicillins may require dose adjustment in renal dysfunction?
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Natural Penicillins (Pen G, Pen G potassium, Pen G sodium, Pen VK, Pen G Benzathine, Pen G procaine)
Piperacillin |
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Unasyn
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Ampicillin Sulbactam
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Augmentin
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Amoxicillin, Clavulanic Acid
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Timentin
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Ticarcillin, Clavulanic acid
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Zosyn
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Piperacillin, Tazobactam
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What are the adverse effects associated with Augmentin?
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Diarrhea (higher incidence d/t clavulanic acid)
Liver issues |
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Should Augmentin be taken with or without food?
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With food to decrease GI cramping and nausea
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What are the adverse effects associated with Timentin?
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Sodium overload
Platelet dysfunction Hypokalemmia |
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Name the first generation cephalosporins
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Cefazolin
Cefalexin/ Cephradine Cefadroxil |
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Name the second generation true cephalosporins
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Cefaclor
Cefprozil Cefuroxime |
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Name the second generation cephamycins
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Cefoxitin
Cefotetan |
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Which cephalosporins should be taken with food?
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Cefuroxime
Cefpodoxime Cefditoren |
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What kind of infections are Cefazolin and Cefalexin used for?
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Cellulitis
Skin infections Animal scratches Animal bites |
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What kind of infections is Cefuroxime used for?
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Respiratory tract infections caused by strep pneumo or H. flu
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Cefotetan and Cefoxitin are indicated for what type of infections?
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Intra-abdominal/ pelvic infections
COPD type pneumonia |
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Which drug has an MTT group leading to increased bleeding risk and alcohol intolerance?
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Cefotetan
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List the third generation cephalosporins
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Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime Ceftazidime Cefixime Cefpodoxime Ceftizoxime |
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What are the special administration considerations for Ceftriaxone for gonorrhea?
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Administer IM with Lidocaine (drug burns or stings)
Usually with Azithromycin for Chlamydia |
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Which cephalosporin can be given to a child with a strep pneumo CAP?
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Cefotaxime
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What is the indication for Ceftriaxone?
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CAP w/ strep pneumo or H. flu
Meningitis Gonorrhea |
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What is the main indication of cefotaxime?
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CAP with Strep pneumo and H. flu
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Which cephalosporins can be used for Pseudomonas?
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Ceftazidime
Cefepime |
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Which drug is called the "poor man's 3rd generation cephalosporin?
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Ceftizoxime
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What are the main indications for Cefixime?
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Respiratory tract infection
Ear infection |
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What warnings are associated with Cefditoren?
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Caution in carnetine deficiency and protein allergies
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Which cephalosporins should be avoided in children <1 year old?
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Ceftriaxone
Cefditoren |
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What is the benefit for Ceftizoxime over other third generation cephalosporins?
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Some anaerobic coverage
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What are the main indications for cefepime?
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SPACE
Enterobacteriaceae |
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Which cephalosporins have to be dose adjusted in renal dysfunction?
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First generation cephalosporins:
Cefazolin Cephalexin/Cephradine Cefadroxil Third generation Cefotaxime Fourth generation cephalosporin: Cefepime |
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What are the adverse effects of Imipenem/Cilastatin (Primaxim)?
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N&V
Infusion site reactions Seizures Antibiotic associated diarrhea Opportunistic yeast infections Cross reaction with penicillin |
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What are the advantages of using Meropenem over Imipenem/Cilastatin?
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Reduced seizure risk (resistant to dehydropeptidase)
Less phlebitis and N/V Can be used in pediatrics |
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Which carbapenem has a 1-β methyl side chain?
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Meropenem
Doripenem |
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Which drug is most active for B. cepacia?
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Doripenem
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What is the difference between Meropenem and Doripenem coverage?
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Basically the same spectrum
Doripenem may or may not have slightly more activity against Pseudomonas |
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Which carbapenem can be used in pediatrics?
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Meropenem
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Which carbapenem should not be used in pediatrics?
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Imipenem/Cilastatin --> increased seizure risk
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Primaxim
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Imipenem/Cilastatin
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Merrem
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Meropenem
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Doribax
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Doripenem
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Invanz
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Ertapenem
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What adverse effects are associated with Ertapenem?
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Headache
Diarrhea N/V Phlebitis CNS: tremors, dyskinesia, myoclonus Inc. LFTs (rare) |
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Which carbapenems are not active for atypical organisms?
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Imipenem/Cilastatin
Ertapenem Aztreonam |
