Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What does the typical CSF fluid of a patient with acute bacterial meningitis show?
|
• 500-10,000 cells/µL (mostly neutrophils)
• glucose < 40 mg/dl • protein > 150 mg/dl |
|
|
What types of bacterial meningitis presents without a predominance of neutrophils?
|
• meningitis precededaby antimicrobial therapy
• Listeria monocytogenes meningitis • Tuberculous meningitis • Syphilitic meningitis |
|
|
What is pleocytosis?
|
an increase in WBCs (or RBCs) in a bodily fluid
|
|
|
What are manifestations of neurosyphilis?
|
• stroke-like presentation (general paresis)
• tabes dorsalis • meningitis presentation (meningovascular) |
|
|
What is the treatment for H. Flu meningitis?
|
• Cefotaxime
OR • Ceftriaxone |
|
|
What is the treatment for menigitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes?
|
Ampicillin for a minimum of 15-21 days (with an aminoglycoside for the first 7 days)
|
|
|
What is the most frequent cause of aseptic meningitis?
|
Viral infection (97% due to enteroviruses)
• coxsackie virus B • echovirus • mumps • Herpes Simplex virus • Leptospira |
|
|
What viral cause of aseptic meningitis can cause temporal lobe manifestations?
|
herpes simplex virus
|
|
|
Patients with this viral cause of meningitis may develop parotitis or orchitis
|
Mumps
|
|
|
What are theoretical causes of meningeal signs (like Kernig and Brudinski signs)?
|
meningeal irritation involving the spinal cord
|
|
|
What are possible causative agents for subacute to chronic meningitis?
|
• Coccidioides
• Cryptococcus • Histoplasma • HIV • Lyme Disease • Mycobacterium tuberculosis • Treponema pallidum |
|
|
What is the most common fungal meningitis?
|
Cryptococcal meningitis
|
|
|
What is the treatment for cryptococcal meningitis?
|
• Amphotericin B
OR • Fluconazole |
|
|
What is the difference between encephalitis and encephalopathy?
|
• encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain parenchyma due to infectious causes
• encephalopathy is usually due to secondary causes (ex. toxins, metabolic causes) - Wilson's disease, hepatic encephalopathy, Wernicke's |
|
|
What is the most frequent and treatable cause of encephalitis?
|
herpes simplex virus
|
|
|
What are particularly omnious signs of meningitis?
|
• cranial nerve palsies (CN III, IV, VI, VII, VII)
• seizures |
|
|
What is the most common space-occupying lesion in HIV-infected patients?
|
toxoplasmosis
|
|
|
What is the treatment of toxiplasmosis?
|
• pyrimethamine
• sulfadiazine |
|
|
What are etiologies for a brain abscess?
|
• odontogenic
• otogenic • sinusitis |
|
|
What are signs and symptoms of a brain abscess?
|
• confusion
• drowsiness • headache • seizures • signs of increased ICP • focal neurologic deficit |
