Infectious Disease Chp 12 Parasitic Infections

Front 1

What is the most dangerous form of malaria?

Back 1

-P. falciparum

Front 2

Why is P. falciparum the most dangerous from of malaria?

Back 2

-infects RBCs of all ages and causes high levels of parasitemia
-induces the formation of knons on the RBC surface that adhere to vessel walls and to uninfected RBCs, causing obstruction and local hypoxia
-can cause severe hemolysis, renal failure, CNS damage, pulmonary edema

Front 3

Individuals negative for Duffy blood group antigetns are resistant to what?

Back 3

-Plasmodium vivax

Front 4

What mutation reduces the severity of P. falciparum infection?

Back 4

-Complement receptor 1 mutation

Front 5

What hereditary conditions are protective against malaria?

Back 5

-ovalocytosis
-elliptocytosis
-sperocytosis

Front 6

Sickle-cell disease and sickle trait are resistant to what?

Back 6

P. falciparum

Front 7

Why do tourists get malaria?

Back 7

because they lack immunity

Front 8

What diagnostic test are available for malaria?

Back 8

-blood smear (preferred)
-ELISA
-PCR

Front 9

In Falciparum malaria, signet-ring forms are most abundant on peripheral smears when?

Back 9

-immediately after fever spike

Front 10

Always consider malaria in the traveler from a developing country who.....

Back 10

-presents with a flu-like illness
-presents with jaundice
-presents with confusion or obtundation

Front 11

When should you begin prophylaxis for malaria?

Back 11

2 weeks before travel

Front 12

How long should you continue prophylaxis for malaria?

Back 12

4 weeks after return

Front 13

What is the treatment for chloroquine-sentive strains of malaria?

Back 13

chloroquine

Front 14

What is the treatment for chloroquine-resistant strains of malaria?

Back 14

quinine or an equivalent

Front 15

For P. flaciparum, levels of parasitemia above what constitutes a medical emergency that requires immediate institution of antimalarial treatment?

Back 15

-5%

Front 16

WHat all needs to be closely monitored in P.falciparum?

Back 16

-hematocrit
-blood sugar
-vome status
-cardia rhythm
-renal function
-CNS function
-atrerial oxygenation

Front 17

In P.falciparum, the severity of organ damage and risk of death correlates to what?

Back 17

-level of parasitemia

Front 18

The small numph form of the deer tick (Ixodes scapularis) carries Babesia from what to what?

Back 18

white deer mice to humans

Front 19

How does Babesia multiply in human RBCs?

Back 19

-binary fission forming characteristic tetrads

Front 20

Babesiosis has no what phase?

Back 20

hepatic

Front 21

Where is Babesia common?

Back 21

endemic areas with deer population is high

Front 22

When does human infection of Babesia occur?

Back 22

during period of nymph feeding in May to September

Front 23

What is the classic clinical presentation of babesiosis?

Back 23

-summer flu 1-3 weeks after exposure

Front 24

Babesiosis is common where?

Back 24

tick infested areas

Front 25

More serious forms of Babesiosis is seen in what kind of patients?

Back 25

-spenectomized
-elderly

Front 26

Patients with babesiosis may also have what disease?

Back 26

-Lymes Disease

Front 27

What is the best way to diagnose Babesiosis?

Back 27

-Giemsa stain of the peripheral blood

Front 28

Only what form of Babesiosis is seen?

Back 28

-ring form

Front 29

Babesiosis is commonly mistaken as what?

Back 29

P. falciparum

Front 30

What strongly supports the diagnosis of babesiosis?

Back 30

Formation of tetrad rings

Front 31

Leishmania is found where?

Back 31

tropical areas where th phlebotomine sandfly is common

Front 32

In the macrophage, Leishmania develops into what?

Back 32

a nonflagellated amastigote that lives happily within the macrophage phagolysosome

Front 33

Leishmania is controlled by what?

Back 33

activation of the Th 1 cell-mediated immune response that increases levels of interon y

Front 34

Leishmaniasis can be an opportunistic infection in what patients?

Back 34

-HIV or organ transplant

Front 35

What is the incubation period for Leishmaniasis?

Back 35

3-8 months

Front 36

Acute onset of Leishmaniasis presents with what?

Back 36

-persistent high fever mimicking bacteremia or malaria

Front 37

What common conditions are associated with Leishmaniasis?

Back 37

-anemia
-leukopenia
-hypergammaglobulinemia

Front 38

Diagnosis of Leishmaniasis is made how?

Back 38

-biopsy and Giemsa stain showing amastgotes

Front 39

What is the incubation period for cutaneous and mucosal Leishmaniasis?

Back 39

2 weeks to 2 months

Front 40

In the US, where have cases of cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis been reported?

Back 40

Texas

Front 41

In cutaneous and mucosal Leishmaniasis, lesion usually occur where?

Back 41

exposed areas

Front 42

Tell me about the lesions of sutaneous and mucosal Leishmaniasis.

Back 42

-dry or moist in appearance
-ulcers have sharp raised boarders
-Pizza-like lesions are common

Front 43

____________ Leishmaniasis is less common and involves the nose.

Back 43

Mucosal

Front 44

The diagnosis of cutaneous and mucosal Leishmaniasis is made how?

Back 44

biopsy from border of skin lesions