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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the 3 main mechanisms that have evolved to protect larger organisms from infection or parasitization by another?
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anatomic
humoral cellular |
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cough and gag reflex are examples of what type of host defense?
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innate: adaptive (anatomic) defense
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which defense system is complement a part of?
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humoral defense
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what activates the classic complement pathway?
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antibody coated targets
or antigen-antibody complexes |
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a patient with a complement deficiency in terminal components is at risk for?
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repeated infections: of gram - encapsulated bacteria .
esp Neisseria |
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what is the OPV?
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oral polio vax
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MMR ?
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measles
mumps rheubella |
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TD?
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tetanus/diptheria
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tx for + PPD?
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INH x 6-12 months
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what does BCG stand for?
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bacille
Calmette Guerin |
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four criteria designed to establish a causal relationship between a causative microbe and a disease
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Koch's postulates
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large polypeptides produced by B lymphocytes and plasma cells that are key components in the adaptive immune response?
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antibodies
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what are the 3 possible functions of antibodies?
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neutralization
opsonization activate complement |
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the immunoglobulin that comprises the earliest immune response to antigenic challenge and often predominates in response to polysaccharides
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IgM
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the most prevalent immunoglobulin class in blood?
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IgG
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this immunoglobulin is present both in blood and at mucosal surfaces and is a key element in mucosal immune protection?
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IgA
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along with IgM this immunoglobulin may serve as B-lymphocyte antigen receptors?
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IgD
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this immunoglobulin plays an important role in allergy by triggering mast cells and mediates responses to parasitic infestation
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IgE
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what are the 2 phagocytic cells?
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neutrophils and macrophages
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large granular lymphocytes that have cytolytic function?
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NK cells
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cytokines that induce cellular movement and play important roles in trafficking cells to appropriate sites
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chemokines
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anti-viral cytokines that can be induced as a response to viral infection?
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interferons
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a group of proteins and peptides that are used in organisms as signaling compounds. These chemical signals are similar to hormones and neurotransmitters and are used to allow one cell to communicate with another
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cytokines
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what components of the innate immune system are activated initially until the more potent and specific adaptive immune response can be mobilized?
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phagocytic cells
complement NK cells anti-viral interferons |
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what type of defense cell are skin and mucosal tissues largely made up of?
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dendritic cells: langerhans
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which microorganisms can the use of gram stain or AFB stains be useful in detecting?
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bacteria
mycobacteria candida |
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what organism can an india ink stain detect?
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cryptococcus
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what organism can a KOH prep identify?
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fungal pathogens
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elastin fibers seen on a KOH prep suggests what in a sputum culture?
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a necrotizing pneumonia
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what organism can a tzank smear identify?
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herpes
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what are giant cells diagnostic of?
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herpesvirus
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what organism can darkfield microscopy detect?
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treponema pallidum
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legionella pneumophila and
bordetella pertussis (in respiratory secretions) and influenza virus and adenovirus can be detected using what technique? |
immunofluorescence
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what does the presence of a polymorphonuclear leukocytic infiltrate suggest?
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an acute bacterial process
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what does a lymphocytic infiltrate suggest on slide?
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a more chronic process and is seen in
viral mycobacterial and fungal infections |
