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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Top 3 possible agents for a non-inflammatory (no WBC in stool) diarrhea
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Vibrio sp.
E. Coli C. perfringens |
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Top 3 possible agents for an inflammatory diarrhea
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shigella
salmonella campylobacter |
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Top 3 parasites found in diarrheal cases
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Giardia
E. histolytica Cryptosporidium |
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Picornaviruses include which 5 genera? What are its common structural elements?
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enterovirus
rhinovirus hepatovirus (hep A) parechovirus kobuvirus structure: naked, ssRNA (positive sense), small in diameter |
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What's the main difference b/w enterovirus and rhniovirus?
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enterovirus is acid stable (maintains its infectivity in the GI tract pH=3), while rhinovirus is acid labile so it is broken down by GI tract
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What are the different types of enterovirus and how are they classified?
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poliovirus
coxsackie virus A and B echovirus enterovirus types 68-71 classification based on genome sequencing (EV-A, etc) |
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Which picornavirus is more common in late summer and early fall?
Which picornavirus is more common during the fall and spring? |
enterovirus (transmission by fecal-oral route or contaminated food/water)
rhinovirus (cause of COMMON COLD!! spread by contact or large droplet in a sneeze or cough; incidence decreases with increasing age) |
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What is the pathogenesis of enterovirus vs. rhinovirus?
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enterovirus;
- surface cytocidal: replicates on mucosal surface (respiratory, eye, GI) - systemic cytocidal: disseminates to other tissue (CNS, skin, heart) 10-20 days after infection rhinovirus: - surface cytocidal (respiratory) but does not grow in intestinal tract |
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Clinical manifestations of enterovirus. Think of the long, calming story about echoes... (25 WORDS)
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Aseptic meningitis
- Caused by echovirus - CSF with lymphocytes and normal sugar Paralytic poliomyelitis - caused by poliovirus 1, PV2, PV3 Myocarditis and pericarditis - caused by Coxsackie B virus Febrile exanthems (skin) and enanthems (mouth) - Caused by Coxsackie A and echovirus - Rash of macules, papules or vesicles Herpangina • Caused by Coxsackie A • Vesicles and ulcers of pharynx (back of throat) Pleurodynia (pain on inspiration) – caused by Coxsackie B Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis – caused by Coxsackie A and enterovirus 70 Respiratory disease (common cold, pharyngitis) – caused by ALL enteroviruses |
My Echo Puts Most People Calm But Extra Energized Cuz An Echo Helps Calm A Proud Cry Baby, Helping Calm Crazy Adults Eating Red Apples
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How do you Dx enterovirus vs. rhinovirus?
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enterovirus: obtain culture from swab of site of disease, throat or feces (only for poliovirus)
serology only for polio and Coxsackie B rhinovirus: specimen from nasal secretions and culture serology not useful BOTH REQUIRE CLINICAL DX FOR SURE... |
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which virus binds to ICAM-1 of host cell?
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rhinovirus (causes common cold, bronchitis/bronchiolitis, bronchopneumonia in young children and immunocompromised hosts)
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2nd most common viral cause of otitis media
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rhinovirus (first is complication of influenza?)
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what is the most common cause of exacerbation of asthma or respiratory insufficiency in patients with COPD?
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rhinovirus (this is one of its complications)
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Immunity to rhinovirus is via Ig__.
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IgA
"Son, you get an A+ for getting the common cold!" |
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The arbovirus contains which 5 viruses? what do the encephalitis specifically present as clinically?
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toga, flavi, bunya, arena, filoviruses
"Trees Feel Big And Fat" =) encephalitis: headache, vomiting, confusion/seizures, neck is MINIMALLY stiff (differs from meningitis) - Dx: clnical presentation (CSF analysis helpful) and brain tissue culture and serology |
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Among the arbovirus, give common structural features
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they are all ENVELOPED (as opposed to the picornaviruses and the viruses that cause GI infection)
think: trees all have bark that ENVELOPE around them |
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Togaviridae is __RNA (___ sense) and has which 2 genera?
How can you treat these? |
ssRNA (positive)
Alphavirus & Rubivirus (rubella) Tx: supportive only in our list of arboviruses...just remember since toga is the first in the list, Alpha (virus) belongs to it! |
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What are the New world virus types among the alphavirus? (3)
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Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses (EEEV, WEEV, VEEV)
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What do the old world alphaviruses cause? Name a famous one..
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febrile illness, rash, arthritis; Sindbis virus is an important old world virus
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How do you Dx old world vs new world alphavirus?
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old world - travel history/culture
new world- serology |
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arbovirus usually have what kind of vectors?
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arthropod vectors (mosquitoes, ticks, flies)
- the viruses have seasonal occurences when vectors are present or not |
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Tell me about rubivirus (rubella). How is it spread? What does it cause? Are there vaccines available?
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• Spreads person-to-person (not an arbovirus)
• Causes mild febrile exanthem (skin rash) • May be passed to newborn by infected mother (congenital rubella syndrome - cataract, deafness, cardiac abnormalities) • Vaccine-preventable (with measles and mumps) "Rubella makes you RUB bc it gives you a Rash" |
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structure of flaviviridae. what are the main two genera?
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enveloped; ssRNA (positive sense), no poly-A tail
genera: flavivirus and hepacivirus (Hep C) |
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Flavivirus are mosquito-borne (mostly). What are some diseases it causes?
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st. louis encephalitis - affects adults
west nile virus - encephalitis yellow feve (hemorrhagic fever, vaccinate with 17D live atten vaccine) dengue fever - fever, arthralgia, rash |
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Dx, Tx, and prevention of flaviviruses
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Dx- serology (IgM for presumptive Dx)
Tx- supportive Prevent by vector control (spray for mosquitoes) |
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structure of bunyaviridae; 2 genera within this family
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enveloped, ssRNA (negative sense), segmented
John Bunyan had a lot of NEGATIVE things to carry around so he had to break it down into SEGMENTS 2 genera - 1) bunyavirus, 2) hantavirus |
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what does bunyavirus cause?
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California encephalitis (western US, canada)
LaCrosse encephalitis - affects children (midwest, eastern US) Calvary Chapel in Cali is where John Bunyan would go to find "la Cross" |
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Hantavirus causes ______ fever with ______ insufficiency.
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hemorrhagic; renal (virus is usually present in fecal material and urine of rodents and then aerosolized so ppl get it when they sweep their homes)
it's distinguished from influenza bc there's no Upper resp syndromes (runny nose, congestion) |
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Sin Nombre virus clinical manifestations/Rx/Tx
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flu-like dz followed by capillary leak syndrome that can progress to pulmonary edema/resp failure
Dx: serology Tx: mainly suportive but RIBAVIRIN for hemorrhagic fever with renal insufficiency |
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arenaviridae structure and clinical manifestations/Dx/prevention
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enveloped; ssRNA (ambisense)bc in the ARENA, you have both fighters (both strands encode viral protein)
clinical manifestations - 1) lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) from LCM virus has aseptic meningitis with faint rash 2) lassa fever (lassa virus) shows up as hemorrhagic fever (treat with RIBAVIRIN) Dx: serology since it's associated with RODENTS, prevent by rodent control |
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what vectors are the filoviridae carried by? what structure?
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fruit bats;enveloped ssRNA (negative)
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Marburgvirus and Ebolavirus are genera found within which family? What do they present as? Dx?
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filoviridae; hemorrhagic fever; Dx: antigen detection
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the arboviruses are ____, ____, ____, ____, ____. they are all enveloped/non-enveloped and are __RNA.
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toga, flavi, bunya, arena, filo
enveloped; ssRNA positive, positive, neg, ambi, neg |
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