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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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most common etiologies for COMMON COLD
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most common:
-rhinovirus -coronavirus -parainfluenza less common: -enterovirus -adenovirus -influenza |
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up to how long can viral shedding occur after occurence of common cold?
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2-7 days (up to 2 weeks)
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what causes nasal discharges/mucus to be cloudy/yellow?
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contains desquamated eipthelial cells and PMNs
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What are the clinical manifestations of the common cold? how long do symptoms of the common cold last?
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-malaise, headache, chills, muscular aches, slight fever (sometimes), runny nose, coughing
-Sx's last about one week |
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most common etiologies for SINUSITIS. what do episodes of sinusitis usually follow and why?
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S. pneumoniae
H. influenza (non-typeable) M. catarrhalis SINUSITIS USUALLY FOLLOWS RHINITIS DUE TO VIRAL INFECTION (WHICH DISRUPTS NL MUCOCILIARY CLEARANCE MECHANISMS --> BACTERIAL INVASION OCCURS) |
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sinusitis usually causes the inflammation of the ______ complex.
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osteomeatal (area bw inferior and middle turbinates; confluence of frontal, ethmoidal, maxillary sinuses)
this makes flow of fluid from sinuses impaired -- bacterial flora can multiply more easily |
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what are the clinical manifestations of sinusitis?
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purulent nasal discharge, facial pain, headache, cough with abnormal CT scan
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name some complications that could occur from severe sinusitis.
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orbital cellulitis/abscess
brain abscess subdural empyema |
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T or F. presence of purulent exudate in a case of pharyngitis is ALWAYS group A streptococcus.
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F. it could also be EBV...
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what are the common etiologies of pharyngitis in younger vs. older children/adolescents?
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younger children - commonly due to respiratory virus
older children/adolescent - S. pyogenes Adenovirus EBV |
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acute onset of fever, sore throat, NO CORYZA (runny nose)
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S. pyogenes (can present with or without purulent exudate!!)
Note: if sandpaper or erythematous rash forms, this is more likely a hallmark of S pyogenes (scarlet fever) |
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clinical manifestations of EBV/adenovirus
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edema and hyperemia (inc blood flow) to tonsils ==> aka. super swollen tonsils!!
inflammatory exudates (pus) |
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causes blisters in the throat, or on or above the tonsils. Adults can also be affected. The rash, which can appear several days after high temperature and painful sore throat, can be itchy and painful, especially on the hands/fingers and bottom of feet. - often known as "hand, mouth, foot dz"
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coxsackie A
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clinical manifestations of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
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bacterial pharyngitis with skin rash similar to S. pyogenes (but doesn't desquamate)
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most common etioligies of Croup (laryngotracheitis)
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-parainfluenza
-RSV -influenza -adenovirus |
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What's happening with croup and what does it present as?
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it's the swelling of lateral wall of trachea (inferior to vocal cords) - esp in subglottic region
shows up as barking cough wiht inspiratory stridor "steeple sign" on xray of throat |
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most common etiologies of tracheobronchitis and its clinical manifestations
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- S aureus
-s. pyogenes -h. influenza upper resp symptoms with acute rapid deterioration and severe resp distress (result of impaired mucosal defenses from viral infection) |
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most common etiology for epiglottitis (MEDICAL EMERGENCY!!) and what does it present as?
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- H influenza type B (extremely rare)
- presents as drooling/dysphagia, child leans forward with hyperextension of neck bc of pain |
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etiology and clincal manifestation of otitis externa
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etiology: s. aureus, p. aeruginosa
- red, swollen ear canal; painful when moving ear pinna |
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malignant otitis externa is a complication of acute otitis externa and is always due to ____________.
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p. aeruginosa (necrotizing and REALLY swollen outer ear; invasive)
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etiology (3) and pathophysiology of otitis media
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S pneumonia
H. influenza (non-typeable) M. catarrhalis - due to congestion of mucosa of Eustachian tube SECONDARY TO VIRAL INFECTION ==> accumulation of secretion of middle ear |
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etiology and pathogenesis of mastoiditis
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etiology:
- S. pneumoniae - S. pyogenes - S. aureus can progress from middle ear --> mastoid (as a complication of OM) this leads to erosion of mastoid |
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etiology and clinical manifestations of cervical lymphadenitis
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S. aureus
S. pyogenes usually seen in children under 5 y/o and presents with fever - unilateral cervical lymph node enlargement; can be systemic if lymphadenopathy (chronic abnormal enlargement of lymph nodes) or hepatosplenomegaly present |
