Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
how is HTLV-1 (human T-cell lymphotrophic virus) tramsmitted?
|
sexual contact
blood products (often diagnosed after rejection as blood donor) breastfeeding (via infected lymphocytes) HTLV-1 IS NOT COMMON INFECTION IN HUMANS |
|
|
clinical manifestations of HTLV-1
|
- adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (lymphocytes with convoluted nuclei- flower cells)
- myelopathy (gait disturbance, spasticity) |
|
|
what is special about the structure of HIV -- name th eimportant glycoproteins and enzymes from outside in.
|
outer membrane:
- gp120 & gp 41 nucleocapsid - ssRNA -capsid of p24 -enzymes: reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease |
|
|
what's the replication cycle like for HIV?
|
• gp120 binds to CD4 receptor (helped by co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4); gp41 allows for fusion
• Reverse transcriptase creates dsDNA (source of genetic diversity) • Integrase integrates DNA into genome (allows for long period latency) • Protein synthesis from viral DNA • RNA splicing (source of genetic diversity) • Protease cleaves proteins in functional units • Assembly of mature virions near cell membrane (following viral replication new capsids form around new RNA dimers, virion buds through host cell membrane, stealing portions of membrane to use as an envelope, leaving T-cell dead) |
|
|
how is HIV transmitted?
|
- sexual contact (mainly through semen- recipient of anal sex is at HIGHEST RISK bc of mucosal tears)
- IV drug use/nosocomial needles - blood - perinatal - breastmilk |
|
|
what is the first clinical stages of HIV and briefly describe it
|
primary infection (acute retrovirus syndrome)
- EBV mononucleosis-like illness (fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, pharyngitis) - high viral load count witih depressed CD4 count |
|
|
what is the second clinical stage of HIV; describe it
|
latency stage (chronic HIV- lasts about 10 yrs)
- persistent generalized lymphadenopathy - may develop vague constitutional sypmptoms/wasting before reaching AIDS level - viral load and CD4 count tells you about progression of dz (but mainly viral load) |
|
|
what's the 3rd clincal stage of HIV; describe it
|
AIDS (CD4<200)
- characterized by OPPORTUNISITC INFECTION - organ damage is present (nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, neurological complications) |
|
|
what are some ways to prevent HIV?
|
- screen (routine medical test)
- sexual practice (post-exposure prophylaxis w/i 72 hrs of exposure with 3 drug regimen) - clean IV needles for druggies - blood screening - perinatal (test all pregnant women) - nosocomial (post-exposure prophylaxis - 3 drug regimen for 28 days) |
|
|
can you get HIV through nosocomial exposure to non-bloody urine, feces, salvia, tears, breast milk or sweat?
|
NO!! just wash hands if you get urine on you..?
|
|
|
how do you Dx HIV?
|
- ELISA + Western blot confirmation (or rapid HIV test)
- p24 antigen detection (used by blood banks but not for Dx) |
|
|
how do you monitor HIV?
|
- look at PCR every 3-4 months to test for HIV viral load (strong predictor of progression)
- check CD4 levels for stage of dz |
