Infectious Disease (Block 6): Paramyxo, Corona, And Rhabdoviruses

Front 1

structure of paramyxovirus

Back 1

enveloped
ssRNA (negative)

Front 2

name the paramyxoviruses (3+2). what are some common characteristics?

Back 2

parainfluenza, RXV, human metapneumovirus (these are transmitted by respiratory secretions- large droplets; surface cytocidal - don't spread to give viremia just stay in resp epithelial cells)

mumps and measles (transmitted by respiratory secretions; systemic cytocidal- causes systemic dz)

ALL FORM SYNCYTIA (FORMS GIANT CELL)

Front 3

T or F. reinfections are common for parainfluenza, RSV, and human metapneumovirus.

Back 3

T. reinfections are common adn URI (rhinorrhea, pharyngitis) oftens leads to lower respiratory dz (like pneumonia)

Front 4

mumps primarily target _____
measles primarly target ______.

Back 4

salivary glands
skin/mucous membranes

Front 5

most common lower respiratory virus of children

Back 5

RSV (causes bronchiolitis)

Front 6

parainfluenza (type 1/2) tends to occur during what stage fo life? what does it mainly present as?

Back 6

early childhood

croup (significant swelling below vocal cords; aka. tracheolaryngitis -- remember "steeple sign")

Front 7

croup = _____ + ______

Back 7

barking cough
inspiratory stridor (when you breathe in and you hear high pitch sound, difficult to breathe in)

Front 8

Dx of parainfluenza

Back 8

tisue culture of nasal, pharyngeal, tracheal specimen

- don't forget it has hemagglutin like influenza so it can be tested using hemagluttin inhibitory antibody assay

Front 9

parainfluenza type 3 occurs in what life stage? what are its symptoms? how do you Dx it?>

Back 9

infancy

may cause bronchiolitis and pneumonia in severe cases

tissue culture of nasla, pharyngeal, tracheal specimen

Front 10

why does RSV A/B occur more often in infant and young children?

Back 10

bc they're most susceptible (they're airways are smaller). epidemics occur every year in fall and winter

Front 11

what 2 proteins are needed for RSV to infect host cells? what does RSV show up as clinically?

Back 11

attachment protein and fusion protein

clinically:
-rapid breathign with expiratory wheezing
- in severe cases, ACUTE BRONCHIOLITIS!!

Front 12

Dx of RSV A/B
Tx?
prention?

Back 12

enzyme immunoassay (rapid)

Tx: ribavirin (nucleoside analogue) - not commonly used

prevention by passive immuno prophylaxis in high risk infants (monoclonal Ab's)

Front 13

human metapneumovirus A/B occurs in which lifestage?
it's symptoms are similar to RSV though perhaps less severe and less hospitalizations are required. why is this?

Back 13

infants/young children

maternal antibodies may work better against hMPV than RSV

Front 14

what specific Dx technique do you need for hMPV?

Back 14

PCR (it does NOT grow in culture)

Front 15

Sx's of mumps

Back 15

Mumps gives Bumps!!

- prodromal fever, headache, malaise
- infection of parotid/salivary glands
- may cause orchitis (testicles inflammed) or any other organ (encephalitis, pancreatitis, thyroiditis, etc)

LONGER INCUBATION PERIOD

Front 16

T or F. MMR vaccine is live attenuated and is for sure lifelong in its prevention capabilities.

Back 16

F. it is TRUE that its live attenuated but not sure if it's lifelong immunity

Front 17

measles is very communicable. why?

Back 17

they get transmitted in small particles that can remain in the air (person sneezing in room can infect everyone)

Front 18

when does measles usually peak in occurance durign the year?

Back 18

spring time

"Measles on weasles in the Spring time!"

Front 19

name the 3 Sx's of measles. in severe cases what could measles cause?

Back 19

1) Koplik spots (bluish-white spots in buccal mucosa)
2) maculopapular rash starting in facial area and spreading downward
3) conjuctivitis

severe case - may cause pneumonia/encephalitis (major killers)

Front 20

Dx of measles

Back 20

clinical
viral isolation
serology

Front 21

structure and epidemiology of coronavirus

Back 21

enveloped ssRNA (positive)

highly contagious among famileis/more common in winter

"The King (corona) is Positive in the wintertimes cuz he likes it cold..."

Front 22

clincal manifestations of coronavirus. what about SARS corona virus?

Back 22

- common cold (2nd most common after rhinovirus)
- lower resp. illness
- diarrhea in infants

SARS: viremia and resp. failure

Front 23

dx of coronavirus

Back 23

PCR

Front 24

rhadovirus is NAKED/ENVELOPED __RNA (negative). it is uniquely ____ shaped. it forms ____ bodies (collection so f nucleocapsid) in neuronal cytoplasm

Back 24

enveloped; ss; bullet
Negri bodies

Front 25

clinical manifestation of rhabdovirus

Back 25

"rabies"

- CNS is major target so lethal encephalitis with seizures (incubation period within 90 days) ==> DEATH

Front 26

is post-exposrue vaccination indicated for rhabdovirus infection?

Back 26

yes (only virus where it is)- tx includes wound care, antiserum (rabies immune globulin), and inactivated vaccine