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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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list of Bacterial Infections
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TUBERCULOSIS CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE SYPHILIS SCARLET FEVER TONSILLAR CONCRETIONS/TONSILLOLITH ACTINOMYCOSIS |
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TUBERCULOSIS
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.Bacterial infection . Secondary variant-reactivation of active disease ..Associated with diabetes, poverty, old age, crowded conditions, AIDS ..Miliary- spread through the vascular system |
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TB Cause
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Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, acid-fast bacteria |
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TB Extrapulmonary
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Involvement of skin-lupus Vulgaris
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TB Secondary Disease
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Symptoms include hemoptysis, productive cough, night sweats, weight loss, fever spreads by vascular, lymphatics, or expectorated infected material. Oral lesions present as chronic painless ulcer on tongue, palate, lip |
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TB Scrofula |
found in contaminated milk Enlargement of oropharyngeal lymphoid tissues and cervical lymph nodes |
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TB Histopathology
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Formation of granulomas( epithelioid histiocytes, lymphocytes, multinucleated giant cells) with caseous necrosis Organisms identified by acid fast stain |
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GRANULOMAS
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Foreign body tertiary syphylis cat stratch disease deep fungal infections: Coccidioidomycosis |
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CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE
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Most common cause of chronic regional lymphadenopathy in children |
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CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE CAUSE
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Infection results from scratch of kitten or cat infected with Bartonella henselae. |
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Syphilis (Lues)
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Caused by Treponema pallidum, spirochete
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Syphilis (Lues)
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Two modes of transmission: Sexual contact Mother to fetus |
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Syphilis (Lues)
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Three stages: primary Secondary Tertiary |
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Primary Syphilis
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. Occurs at site of inoculation ** Chancre seen 3 to 90 days after inoculation . Lesions found on external genitalia, anus, and oral cavity |
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Secondary syphilis (Disseminated)
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Clinical Presentation: Painless lymphadenopathy Diffuse, painless maculopapular rash involving palmar/plantar areas Condyloma lata-papillary lesions (resemble viral papillomas) Oral lesions-mucous patches-whitish areas of mucosa involving lip, tongue, buccal mucosa, palate |
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Tertiary Syphilis
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Most serious complication Vascular complications-aneurysm of ascending aorta, congestive heart failure Psychosis, Dementia, Death Ocular involvement-iritis, choroidoretinitis, Argyll Robertson pupil Argyll Robertson pupil-pupil does not respond to bright light but constrict on focus |
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Tertiary Syphilis
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Most characteristic-granulomatous inflammation of tissues known as gumma
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Tertiary Syphilis
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Gumma-indurated, nodular, ulcerated lesion resulting in tissue destruction Palatal surface is perforated to nasal cavity |
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Congenital Syphilis
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known as Hutchinson's Triad Hutchinson's Teeth incisors (looks like screw driver) Mulberry molars (Moon's molars or Fournier) Ocular interstitial keratitis Eighth nerve deafness |
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Scarlet Fever (Scarlatina)
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.Caused by Group A, Beta-hemolytic Streptococci Begin as a tonsillitis with pharyngitis .Organisms attack blood vessels and produce-skin rash .Rash develops within two days and spreads-within 24 hours ("sunburn with goose pimples") .Dorsal tongue Fungiform papillae become erythematous "white strawberry tongue" first two days "Red strawberry tongue" fourth to fifth day |
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Tonsillar Concretions & Tonsillolith
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Tonsillar concretion-mass of foul-smelling desquamated keratin and foreign material with bacterial colonization Tonsillolith- dystrophic calcification of tonsillarconcretion Treat: remove by gargling warm salt water or pulsating jets of water |
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Actinomycosis
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.NOT a FUNGAL INFECTION .caused by anaerobic, gram-positive branching organism, Actinomyces israeli . Clinical presentation indurated (wooden) area of fibrosis Fistulous tract can result "Sulfur granules" -yellow felcks of bacterial- colonies found in pus or tracts .Commonly seen at angle of mandible . Histopathology Colonies of club-shaped organisms surrounded by a rim of neutrophils Organisms seen by Gram stain Treatment: antibiotics with drainage |
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FUNGAL INFECTIONS
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CANDIDIASIS HISTOPLASMOSIS BLASTOMYCOSIS PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS COCCIDIODOMYCOSIS ZYGOMYCOSIS ASPERGILLOSIS |
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Candidiasis
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.most common oral fungal infection .Dimorphic organism-exist in yeast(in human) and hyphae (environment) form .normal oral flora . common predisposing factors chronic debilitating disease nutritional and endocrine disturbances broad-spectrum Antibiotic Therapy Systemic Corticosteroid Therapy Partial or Complete Dentures Immune Defiency
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Pseudomembranous Candidiasis (THRUSH)
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(like white cottage cheese) .most recognized form .white plaques Cottage cheese or curdled milk .easily be removed with tongue blade or gauze to reveal erythematous mucosa |
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Erythematous Candidiasis
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.Presents as burning sensation (Does not exhibit white component seen in pseudomembranous) .Can occur after course of broad-spectrum antibiotics (acute atrophic candidiasis) .If present on tongue, filiform papillae is lost resulting in a red or "bald" appearance |
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Median Rhomboid Glossitis
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(type of candidiasis) .form of erythematous candidiasis Central Papillary Atrophy .Well-demarcated erythematous area involving the midline of the posterior dorsal tongue (loss of papilla of tissue in the middle of tongue) |
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Denture Stomatitis |
(Chronic Atrophic Candidiasis) . Found in patients wearing removable partials or complete dentures. . Continuous wear of appliance without proper oral hygiene .Appears erythematous with petechial hemorrhage in denture bearing areas. |
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Angular Cheilitis (Perleche) |
Found in older adults . Occurs at the angles of the mouth (commissures) Erythematous, fissured, or scaling .Associated with Staphylococcus aureus . Results from loss of vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) |
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Chronic Hyperplastic Candidiasis
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.White patch that cannot be removed by scraping
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Candidiasis
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Diagnosis: cytologic smear Treatment: (antifungal Therapy) Clotrimazole (Mycelex) troches (suck on it 5/day) Angular Cheilitis Clotrimazole cream Denture Stomatitis soak denture in mixture of water and sodium hypochlorite (bleach) (no bleach for partial denture-cuz it turns the metal part black. Place Nystatin in denture base |
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Histoplasmosis
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.Most common systemic fungal infection in United States .Seen in the Ohio-Mississippi River Valley . Oral lesions present as a painful solitary ulceration of tongue, palate (resemble carcinoma) |
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Blastomycosis
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.Chronic variant mimics tuberculosis but no calcification in lungs .Oral lesions resemble squamous cell carcinoma- Ulcerated, rolled borders Irregular erythematous or white surface with pain. |
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Paracoccidiomycosis
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.Deep fungal infection seen in South or Central America, also known as South American Blastomycosis. . Male predilection Ratio of 15:1 Middle-aged agriculture worker |
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Coccidioidomycosis
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.Fungal infection commonly seen in Southwestern United States and Mexico .Chronic variant mimics tuberculosis .Oral lesions ulcerated granulomatous nodule .Valley Fever (Hypersensitivity reaction) Coccidioidomycosis in conjunction with erythema multiforme or erythema nodosum Erythema nodosum-painful erythematous nodules in subcutaneous connective tissue |
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Mucormycosis (Phycomycosis/Zygomycosis) |
.Found in uncontrolled insulin-dependent diabetics with ketoacidosis, bone marrow transplant recipients, systemic corticosteroid use, AIDS patients. .If untreated, black and necrotic tissue involving palate and maxillary alveolar process if sinus is involved. .Histology reveals Large nonseptate hyphae Branching at right angle Invasion of small blood vessels |
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Aspergillosis
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. Fungal disease that can be noninvasive or invasive . Can occur in a hospital setting(Nosocomial) .Histology reveals Septate hyphae Branch at acute angles Invade small blood vessels |
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VIRAL INFECTIONS
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Herpes Simplex Virus Herpes Zoster Infectious Mononucleosis Human Papillomavirus (HPV) German measles (Rubella) Enteroviruses Mumps Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) |
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Herpes Virus
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.Herpes Simplex Virus DNA virus Member of Human Herpesvirus (HHV) . HSV-1 (HHV-1) . HSV-2 Genital Herpes (HHV-2) . HHV-3 Varicella-oster (VZV) (Chickenpox) . HHV-4 Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) . HHV-5 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) . HHV-8 Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) |
