Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are pathogens?
|
Disease-causing organisms
|
|
|
What are the 5 basic types of pathogens?
|
Prions, viruses, bacteria, fungi, animal parasites
|
|
|
What is a prion? And name 2 diseases caused by them?
|
malformed proteins in neurons that cause infected cells to produce more prions.
- BSE (mad cow) - Creutzfeldt Jacob |
|
|
What are viruses, how do they replicate, and which viruses are massage therapists most likely to encounter?
|
Packets of DNA or RNA in a protein coat.
They can't replicate outside a host cell because they have no cellular 'machinery' (organelles) so they invade a host cell and use its cell machinery to make more of themselves. Some include: Herpes simplex, Hepatitis A, B, C. |
|
|
What are bacteria, how do they do damage?
|
Single celled micro-organisms that can survive outside the host-some are harmful, some are essential eg in digestion. They do damage by invading host cells and/or releasing enzymes or toxins that destroy cells.
|
|
|
What are fungi, and what normally causes them to be a problem in the body- give an example?
|
A group of organisms that include fungi and yeasts. Imbalances in the body may cause them to replicate uncontrollably. Examples: Athlete's foot, candidiasis.
|
|
|
What is inflammation?
|
Inflammation is the tissue response to damage or the threat of invasion by nonself bits.
|
|
|
What causes inflammation?
|
Usually caused by any form of physical injury, hormonal changes, or autoimmune activity (e.g. RA)
|
|
|
What is the purpose of inflammation?
|
The purpose is to protect from pathogens, limit contamination and prepare damaged tissue for healing.
|
|
|
Explain why when you scratch your skin you get a white wheal followed immediately by a red mark.
|
Vasoconstriction (to reduce blood loss) followed by vasodilation
|
|
|
How and why do blood vessels dilate to form a red wheal in inflammation?
|
Damaged endothelial and mast cells release molecules that increase permeability of blood vessel walls, dilate capillaries, attract blood platelets and slow blood flow away from the area.
|
|
|
What are the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation? And why do they arise?
|
1- Redness, swelling, heat, pain
2- Blood vessels dilate and become more leaky bringing more blood to the area (redness and heat, leaking more blood plasma into the tissues (swelling) and molecules that irritate nerve endings |
|
|
What are the 4 main types of cell involved in inflammation?
|
platelets, wbc's, fibroblasts, endothelial cells
|
|
|
Name 5 types of white blood cells?
|
Granulocytes, mast cells, monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes.
|
|
|
What are the 3 stages of healing, what is the main feature of each stage, and how long does each stage last?
|
1. Acute- vasoconstriction/dilation and swelling= blisters/pus 1-3 days
2. Subacute- damaged tissue is replaced, new capillaries, granulation tissue, collagen fibres. WBC's clear up debris. 2-3 weeks. 3. Postacute- collagen remodelled and reshaped and aligns according to forces on it. |
