Infections Of The Digestive System

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viral gastroenteritis

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which is not stomach flu is caused by number of viruses including the Norwalk virus and infamous problems on cruise ships

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tapeworms and liver Flukes group together as Platyhelminthes commonly called

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flatworms

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why are common housefly carriers of many digestive system pathogens

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because they dine on feces

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salmonellosis is an example of food infection where

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the pathogen itself is digested

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hepatitis refers to

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disease or inflammation of the liver

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food infection

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a form of food borne illnesses where the ingested pathogen triggers feverin addition to nausea cramps pain and diarrhea symptoms signs take 12 hours to a week to show up salmonellosis is an example

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trench mouth

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also called an ANUG acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

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nematodes

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ascaris enterobius Necator also round worms

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Vincent's disease is also known as

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trench mouth, severe gingivitis with tissue necrosis and FOUL odor.

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periodontitis

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a chronic condition that lay for years it is the main cause of tooth loss in the elderly

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scolex

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specialized attachment end of the tapeworm with hooks and suckers

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typhoid fever

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a what type of enteric fever caused by Salmonella typhi, intestinal rupture allows invasion leading to shock and death

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hepatitis is disease or inflammation of the

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liver

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Dysentery

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extreme diarrhea that is explosive containing blood pus and mucus accompanied by severe abdominal cramps

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fluoride in water and toothpaste helps to

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reduce dental caries by hardening the tooth enamel

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the string test

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used to check for giardiasis, a gelatin capsule with 140 centimetres find string is swallowed after several hours, the string is drawn back up through the mouth and examined for parasites

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also known as trench mouth severe gingivitis with tissue necrosis and FOUL order

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Vincent's disease

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Secondary host in the Chinese liver flute lifecycle

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carp

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easily passed from nasopharynx to hands to food during preparation; left at room temperature bacteria multiply and produce a stable toxin causes food poisoning if ingested

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Staphylococcus aureus

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high risk foods for food intoxication include prepare foodsthat

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sit at temperature for long periods of time pie poultry picnic lunch box food

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hepatitis A is also called

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infectious hepatitis because it's often transmitted by contamination of food or drink by unsanitary fecal oral practices

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choleragen

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the powerful exotoxin released by Vibrio cholera that causes an increase in cAMP, cAMP Premotes secretion of fluid and electrolytes into gut, Lead to profuse diarrhea described as rice water stools

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Cholera

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Vibrio Cholera results and rice water stools in the Gulf Coast in Pacific coastal areas of US it may be associated it with some seafood

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primary host of Chinese liver fluke

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human

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a parasitic Platyhelminths that lives in the bike ducts if the liver

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Chinese liver fluke

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anyone exposed infectious hepatitis is given

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I shot of preformed class IgG antibodies for immediate but temporary protection

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mumps

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affects the parotid salivary glands below interior to the ear makes swallowing painful, its vaccine is the second M in MMR

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hookworms

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small parasitic nematodes live in small intestines they suck blood from intestinal lining severe infestation can lead to anemia

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descovered H. pylori

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robin warren and Barry Marshall

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paramyxovirus causes

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mumps affects the parotid salivary glands below interior to the ears making swallowing painful

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dental cavities are also called

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cariers

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all types of hepatitis include this as a major sign

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jaundice yellowing of the skin and even the whites of the eyes

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Helicobacter pylori

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manages to live in acidic stomach with the enzyme eurase this enzyme changes urea into the very alkaline ammonia which neutralizes its immediate surroundings

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hepatitis C is likely to

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become chronic or long term and cause extensive liver damage

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helicobacter pylori secretes urease that changes urea into ammonia this blanks the stomach acids right around the bacterium

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neutralizes

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Ascaris lumbricoides

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a large sized intestinal worm parasite that migrates from guts to blood to the lungs to trachea to esophagus, mass migrations can block breathing

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the most common transmission route of digestive system pathogen

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fecal to oral , food handlers that don't wash their hands contaminate food or drink

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Giardiasis

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named backpackers disease is caused by flagellated protozoan that can be detected by the string test

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hepatitis C develop

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slow

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cholera is endemic (always present) in

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India Asia Africa Latin America, travelers to these areas need to be careful

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two most common signs of food intoxication

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vomiting and diarrhea, hopefully not the same time

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nematodes such as Ascaris Enterobius and Necator are also called

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roundworms because of their shape

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typhoid fever

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enteric fever caused by Salmonella typhi. intestinal rupture allows invasion leading to shock and death

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the highest risk food for salmonellosis food infection in the US is

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poultry, its skin meat and eggs

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food intoxication

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also called food poisoning is due to toxins present in foods and occurs quickly within 1 to 6 hours often due to temperature abuse

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the most frequent cause of Bacillus cereus food intoxication

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is boiled rice that is held for prolonged periods at room temperature and then quick fried or heated before serving

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to reduce dental caries

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reduce sucrose in the diet Streptococcus mutans cause dental caries primarily due to sucrose metabolism the lactic acid produced erodes tooth enamel

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periodontal disease affects the

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gums

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periodontitis

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if a chronic periodontal disease involving inflamed gums with pus pockets and bone destruction main cause of tooth loss in the elderly

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secondary abscesses in vital organs such as the brain or liver are complications

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of amoebic dysentery

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Platyhelminthes are also called

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flatworms because of shape

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fluoride

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in water and or toothpaste can help prevent dental caries by hardening tooth enamel

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20 to 30 percent of males passed purity who experienced mumps also experience

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orchitis massive inflammation and swelling of the testes with possible sterility

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Helicobacterr pylori manage to live in the acidic stomach with the enzyme

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urease, which changes urea into the very alkaline ammonia which neutralizes its immediate surrounding

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hepatitis B

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is also called serum hepatitis because it is usually transmitted via blood transfusions (or semen) a vaccine is required for healthcare workers

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food intoxication also called food poisoning is due to

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toxins already present in food and occurs fast

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food intoxication also known as food poisoning the ingestion toxin induces

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induces nausea cramps pain and diarrhea within 1-6 hours

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approximately 10% of hepatitis B liver infections develop into

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cancer

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most of travelers diarrhea is caused by pathogenic strands of

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E. coli 0157 h7 endemic and hard to avoid in many parts of the world

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Helicobacter pylori infection results in most if not all

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gastric duodenal ulcers

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shigellosis

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aka bacillary dysentery is marked by extreme explosive diarrhea 20 times per day with blood and mucus . abdominal cramps and fever

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cholera is marked by

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rice water stool 12 to 20 liters of fluid loss per day due to the exotoxin choleragen

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people who survived typhoid fever are often

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carriers and can still pass infection to others

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primary host of the beef and pork tapeworm

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human

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acute infection that is easily spread by cutting board contamination sanitation and proper refrigeration are necessary cooking generally destroys the organism but an exception would be sunny side up eggs

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salmonellosis

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Entamoeba histolytica

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causes amoebic dysentery

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temperature abuse is

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the main cause of staphylococcal food intoxication( poisoning) holding contaminated foods at room temp for several hours allows organisms to grow/resistance that are very heat resistant can withstand 30 minutes of boiling

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how many children in developing countries die before the age of 5 because of dehydration from severe diarrhea

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1

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periodontal disease affects the

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gums

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periodontitis is a chronic periodontal disease and inflamed gums with pus pockets and blank destruction, main cause of tooth loss in the elderly

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Boone

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to read a typhoid carrier of infectious organisms blank removal is recommended

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gall bladder

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Typhoid Mary

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the best disease carriers she spread Salmonella typhi in New York in the early 1900 by working in the food industry

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untreated chronic gastritis can develop into

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stomach cancer

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urea breaks down into

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ammonia

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Streptococcus mutans

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cuz dental caries primarily due to sucrose metabolism the lactic acid produced erodes tooth enamel

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typhoid fever is one of the blank

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enteric fever characterized by intestinal rupture invasion from the gut

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also called backpackers disease is caused by flagellated Protozoan, it can be detected by the string test

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giardiasis

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segments of a tapeworm

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Proglottids bud from the base of the scolex and can be immature mature or gravid

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most of this is gastroenteritis caused by pathogenic strands of e.coli into making almost impossible to avoid in certain parts of the world, an exotoxim results in fluid lost and infection releases endotoxins upon cell death that results in inflammation

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travelers disease

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the first of two secondary host of the Chinese liver fluke

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freshwater snail

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gingivitis

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common periodontal disease where toothbrushing results in minor gum bleeding

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Enterobius vermicularis

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pinworms that live in the rectum after mating females emerge at night to lay their eggs around the anus

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choleragen toxin binds to cell surfaces activating production of blank which in turn raises amount of cyclic AMP , this promotes secretion of fluids and electrolytes in to gut

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adenyl cyclase

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tapeworms

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parasitic Platyhelminthes of the small intestine that continually shed gravid Proglottids full of eggs

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choleragen toxin binds to cell surfaces activating production of adenyl cyclase, which in turn raises amount of blank this promotes secretion of fluids and electrolytes in to gut

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cyclic AMP

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vomiting and diarrhea

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two common signs of food intoxication

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sucrose metabolism

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results in lactic acid that erodes the tooth enamel it also produces glucan that form plaque promoting dental caries

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children infected with Streptococcus mutans before the age of two have Blank times as many cavities as children who are infected after the age of 4

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8

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to diagnose H pylori gastric ulcers the patient drinks radioactively labeled 14 C 13 C urea which the bacterium metabolizes producing labeled carbon dioxide that can be detected by

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simple breath test

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viral gastroenteritis not stomach flu is caused by a number of viruses including the blank virus infamous for problems on cruise ships

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norwalk

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4 inch law

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a cool cool name for a regulation issued by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1975 restricting the cell of turtles with a carp Eastlink of less than 4 inches the regulation was promote gated according to the FDA because of Public Health Impact the turtle associate salmonellosis there's been reported cases of young children play seem small turtles in their mouth it's led to a size-based restriction

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cause of food poisoning is ingestion of preformed toxin produced by

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Staphylococcus aureus Salmonella Shigella, E. coli and Clostridium botulism