Infections Of Ms

Front 1

what bones and parts of bones are usually osteomylitis in infants & children vs. adults.

hx of trauma?

signs & symptoms?

Back 1

In infants and Children the
most frequently bones involved are the metaphyses of the long bones of the lower extremities (tibia, femur).

In adults it most commonly infects 2 adjacent vert.

There is a history of recent trauma in the area in around ¼ of the patients.

Symptoms include: inflammation, including edema

Front 2

microbial causes of osteomylitis

Back 2

Staphylococcus aureus is most common aerobe (G+)

Bacteroides spp. Are most common anaerobe

Front 3

infectious arthritis
symptoms

Back 3

Acute inflammation
Redness
Swelling
Tenderness
Warm
Loss of function

Front 4

infectious arthritis
microbal causes in
Children less than 1 month

Back 4

S. aureus
Group B Streptococcus
Gram negative organisms

Front 5

infectious arthritis
microbal causes in Children under 2 years

Back 5

Kingella kingae (G- rod) can account for as much as 50% of cases.

Staphylococcus aureus Haemophilus influenzae

Front 6

infectious arthritis
microbal causes in Children 3-15

Back 6

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes.

Front 7

infectious arthritis
microbal causes in Adults under 30

Back 7

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Front 8

infectious arthritis
microbal causes in Adults (all ages)

Back 8

Staphylococcus aureus is by far the most common cause.

Front 9

infectious arthritis
microbal causes in instrumentation or surgery of either the urinary or intestinal tract.

Back 9

Gram-negative bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas)

Front 10

more chronic infectious arthritis
microbal causes

Back 10

Brucella spp. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and atypical mycobacteria and fungi such as Sporothrix schenckii.

Front 11

disseminated gonococcal infection with purulent arthritis

Back 11

2 forms:
1.
Triad of tenosynovitis, dermatitis, and polyarthralgias w/o purulent arthritis (often - synovial fluid cx)

Purulent arthritis without associated skin lesions
(often + synovial fluid culture)

Front 12

Lyme Disease (Lyme Borreliosis)
Stages & symptoms

Back 12

Stage 1. Localized Erythema migrans (EM malaise, fever, headache, fatigue, chills).

Stage 2. Disseminated. Weeks to months later, ms pain, followed by arthritis, neuro symptoms, and/or carditis.

Stage 3. Persistant. Weeks to years later, chronic skin, nervous system and/or joint abnormalities sometimes leading to frank chronic arthritis.

Front 13

Lyme Disease
microbe etiology

Back 13

Borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochete

Front 14

Pleurodynia-
signs & symptoms
etiology

Back 14

Occurs in summer and fall

An acute viral infection characterized by sudden onset of pleuritic chest pain, fever, headache and generalized malaise.

Most common symptom is a sudden sharp paroxysmal pain over the lower ribs or sternum. It may last several seconds to a few minutes and the patient is remarkably symptom free between attacks.

Etiology- several Coxsackievirus B strains (enterovirus)

Front 15

Mycetoma (maduramycosis, Madura foot)

clinical picture & etiology

Back 15

a local, chronic, and progressive infectious disease of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, bone and muscle.

Clinical picture: swelling that is often grotesque and disfiguring, multiple draining sinuses, pus-containing granules

at least 20 species of actinomyces and higher fungi

Front 16

Soft tissue infection clinical picture

Back 16

Starts with contamination of a wound & anaerobic conditions
anaerobic cellulitis is not that severe, usually only involves the subcutaneous tissues

Anaerobic myonecrosis or classical gas gangrene is the next- worse stage - Incubation period 6 hours to 2-3 days then acute illness developes. There is an abrupt onset, rapid progression, early death

Front 17

Cause of cellulitis and gas gangrene
(organism & toxins)

Back 17

Clostridium perfringens Type A

It is a G+ bacilli anaerobe that produce exotoxins (alpha toxin or lecithinase C)

Front 18

necrotizing fascitis-

clinical picture

Back 18

sudden onset, often involves the extremities, toxic shock like symptoms

bacteremia and toxemia are prominant features and cause a 60% mortality rate

Front 19

necrotizing fascitis-

bug

Back 19

group A streptococci

Front 20

at what age can infection from isteomylits spread into jt space?

Back 20

<1 and in adulthood
(between 1& adulthood it can't)

Front 21

osteomylitis -- adjacent soft tissue infection?

Back 21

in adults not usually in kids.