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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the characteristics of Tuberculosis? |
- 3rd world countries = major cause of disease - Mycrobacterium TB - rod,acid fast - Partial immunity on itial exposure chronic on second - caseous(cell) necrosis, can calcify, lay dormant - slow painless - can lead to death - Antibiotics difficult - Prevention best (vaccine) |
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Describe latent TB |
> TB alive in body but inactive > No symtoms > Positive skin reaction > Normal chest X-ray and sputum test > Not contagious > May develop active TB later |
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Describe active TB |
> TB alive and active in body > Symptoms present > Positive skin test > Abnormal chest X-ray & sputum test > Contagious
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What are the 3 stages of syphilis? |
Primary Secondary Tertiary |
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Describe Hepatitis A |
Transmission = Oro-faecal, food/water RNA type virus Incubation = 3 wks Acute illness - 2-3 wks recover over 6 wks Usually full recovery |
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Describe Hepatitis B |
DNA Virus Transmission = Blood, IV, Tattoos, sex, objects (toothbrush, razors) vertical transmission Highly infectious Prevent = Vaccination/education VIrulence = Can survive on bench for one week |
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Describe Hep B serological testing |
Measurement of HBV specific antigens and antibodies |
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What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? |
HIV is a virus. AIDS is a condition brought on by HIV. YOu don't have to have AIDS to have HIV but you have to have HIV to have AIDS The condition deteriorates until a person has an extremely low count of CD4 cells which are destroyed/attacked by HIV. Once the condition progresses to this state a person is said to have AIDS.
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Why are 'Standard precautions' necessary in dentistry? |
Because some patients may not know that they are infected , so you can't not always rely on the medical history. |
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Describe what the primary stage of Syphilis |
Painless Chancre (painless ulcer) -site of infection 1-3 weeks |
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Describe the secondary stage of Syphilis |
Flu-like symptoms = Fever, swollen lymph nodes Rash Mucocutaneous lesions Snail trail Orally contagious 1-3 months
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Describe the Tertiary stage of Sypiphilis |
Affects CVS and CNS Altered mental state Gumma (soft tissue growth, granulation)
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Describe congenital Syohilis |
Infected mothers Mulberry molars/notched incisors Corneal inlfammation Deafness Treatment with penicillin |
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What shape are syphilis bacteria? |
Spirocheates |
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Describe Leprosy |
Caused by Mycobacterium lerae |
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What are chronic granulomatous infections? |
Caused by micro-organisms that do not produce acute inflammation so they survive causing prolonged chronic disease |
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Give an example of a chronic granulomatous infections |
Tuberculosis |
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Describe Actinomycosis |
Chronic bacterial infection Affects face and neck Introduced by trauma, surgery or infection Produces hard swelling and pus
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What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? |
x |
