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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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An organis that causes disease.
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Pathogen
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A pathogen that can be spread form one organism to another is
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Contagious
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A pathogen that finds a tissue that will support its gowoth is
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infectious
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obtains nutrients and shelter form an organism while contibuting nothing.
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A parasite
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are a diverse group of tiny, single-celled prokaryotic organism.
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Bacteria
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are little more thatn packets of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat.
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Viruses
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Bacterial infections are usually treated with
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Antibiotics
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-Cannot reproduce by themselves: require a host cell
-are not composed of cells -do not have cytoplasm or organells -can not produce toxins |
VIRUSES
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Contagious disease that spreads rapidly and extensively among many individuals.
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Epedemic
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is an epidemic of infectious disease that is spreading through human populations across a large region; for instance a continent, or even worldwide
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Pandemic
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An infection is said to be ______ in a human population when that infection is maintained in the population without the need for external inputs.
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Endemic
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The skin and Mucous membrane secreations comprise
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The First Line of Defense
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Defense system against infection that does not distinguish one pathogen form another. ie, skin,secreation and mucous membranes
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Nonspecific defenses
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White blood cells, inflammation, defensive proteins, and fever are
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Second Line of Defense
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White blood cells that circulate through the blood and lymph descroying invaders are
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natural killer cells
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What do natural killer cells do?
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-attack tumor cells & virus-infected cells
-release chemicals that break apart cell membranes |
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-temperture above 97-99 F
-increase temp inhibits bacterial growth -increases metabolism of health cells |
Fever
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released by macrophages, cause temperature to increase.
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Pyrogens
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Lymphocytes
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Third Line of Defense
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Cells of the immune system identify and attack specific microorganisms that are recognized as foreign
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Specific Defense
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-Recognize small organism such as bacteria
-produce antibodies |
B cells
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-respond to larger organisms and body cells and transplanted tissue
-attack antigen directly |
T cells
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short term immunity, lasts as long as antibodies are in bloodstream
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Passive Immunity
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long term, caused by exposure to antigen and prduction of B and T cells
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Active Immunity
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Short for antibody-generating substances, and it is a molecule that is foreign to the host and stimulates
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Antigen
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-also called T4 cells, can be thougth of a s boosters of the immune response
- cells detect invaders and alert both B & T cells that infection is ocurring. |
Helper T cells
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-attack and kill body cells that have become infected with a virus.
-recoggnize, proteins of invaded cells, as foreign, bind to them, and destory the entire cell. |
Cytotoxic T cells
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is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus or HIV
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Acquired immune deficiency syndrom AIDS
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-primarily kills or disables helper T cells.
-affected individuales experience disease that are normally controlled by helathy immune sytem |
HIV
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is a normally occurring protein prduced by the brain cells that, when misfolded, causes spongiform encephalopathy.
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Prion
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-can be spread via the ingestion of food containing misfolded prions
-are uniqe infectious diseases because the immune system is unable to fight and infection by misfolded proteins. |
Spongiform Encephalopathies
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-due to natural selection through overuse of antibiotics
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Bacteria become resistant
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Not living
-they can not replicate themselves without the aid of a host cell & -they are not themselves composed of cells |
Viruses
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an additional structure outside the capsid found in the viruses that infect animals
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viral envelope
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the protein coat surrounding a virus
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capsid
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